Measures of alpha diversity and ecological indicator values for shading and moisture (mean ± standard error) of carabid beetles and spiders in native (Betula pendula) and non-native (Robinia pseudoacacia) woodlands.

Differences were tested with Gaussian GLMMs on log10(x+1) transformed data. Significant results at p针对经log₁₀(x+1)变换的数据，采用高斯广义线性混合模型（Gaussian Generalized Linear Mixed Models, GLMMs）进行差异检验，当p值符合对应条件时可得到显著结果。