Table 1_A narrative review of research advances in gut microbiota and microecological agents in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).docx

The role of gut microecology in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has garnered growing attention. Studies have suggested a potential link between ADHD development and an imbalance in gut microbiota composition. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of the gut microbiota in children with ADHD, explore how changes in the gut microbiota affect ADHD through nervous, neuroendocrine, and immune pathways, and discuss the potential application of microecological agents and fecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children. Pubmed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Scopus and Medline were utilized to conduct searches using the following key terms:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder OR ADHD AND gut microbiota OR probiotics OR prebiotics OR synbiotics OR fecal microbiota transplantation OR FMT. Studies published in English from all years were included. A thorough review of numerous papers and their references was conducted to identify relevant articles. Sorting and analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of children with ADHD has changed to some extent, and targeting the gut microbiota, using microecological agents or fecal microbiota transplantation, especially in combination with central nervous system stimulants, may provide additional benefits for children with ADHD.

肠道微生态（gut microecology）在注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD）中所发挥的作用日益受到关注。已有研究提示，ADHD的发生与肠道菌群组成失衡之间存在潜在关联。本综述旨在分析注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的肠道菌群特征，探讨肠道菌群变化如何通过神经、神经内分泌及免疫通路影响ADHD，并讨论微生态制剂及粪便菌群移植（fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT）在儿童ADHD防治中的潜在应用价值。本研究通过PubMed、Google Scholar、EBSCO、Scopus及Medline数据库，以“注意缺陷多动障碍 OR ADHD AND 肠道菌群 OR 益生菌 OR 益生元 OR 合生素 OR 粪便菌群移植 OR FMT”为检索式开展文献检索，纳入所有年份发表的英文文献。随后通过系统审阅大量文献及其参考文献以筛选相关研究。经分类整理与分析后发现，注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的肠道菌群已出现一定程度的异常；靶向调控肠道菌群，如使用微生态制剂或粪便菌群移植，尤其是联合中枢神经系统兴奋剂治疗，或可为ADHD患儿带来额外获益。