Factors.

with the increased penetration of the Internet, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, New Retail, an emerging commercial sector in cities, has gained significant momentum. As a new local retail brand in China, Luckin Coffee has actively explored the new retail model and rapidly captured the market. Its expansion strategy and influence mechanisms are worth exploring in depth. Based on point of interest (POI) data of China’s Luckin stores (2018–2023), this study constructs a geographical indicator system and employs spatial analysis and factor detection methods to study the evolution of Luckin Coffee’s resource agglomeration patterns and its formation mechanism. The results indicate the following: (1) Luckin Coffee’s layout in China exhibits a highly concentrated and unbalanced spatial distribution pattern, showing an expansion trend from coastal regions toward inward diffusion, with most stores located in economically developed areas such as urban agglomerations and first- and second-tier cities; (2) Luckin Coffee’s spatial expansion pattern has progressed through the three phases: initially dominated by hierarchical diffusion, then by a combination of hierarchical and contact diffusion, and finally by contact diffusion, (3) the spatial differentiation in the number of Luckin Coffee stores results from the interplay of multiple factors. However, the influence of each factor on spatial differentiation varied significantly. Specifically, urban construction levels and consumption capacity within the second geographic area, along with informatization levels and human capital in the third geographic area, exhibit the greatest explanatory power regarding spatial distribution. (4) The impact of primary influencing factors on Luckin Coffee’s spatial distribution revealed spatial variability, with notable local imbalances. These imbalances are significant, and the analyzed units with relevant influences exhibit block and band aggregation characteristics. This study provides empirical evidence to supplement current research on the spatial expansion patterns and influence mechanisms of New Retail brands in China.

随着互联网、人工智能等技术的渗透率不断提升，城市中的新兴商业业态新零售（New Retail）发展势头迅猛。作为中国本土新兴零售品牌瑞幸咖啡（Luckin Coffee），其积极探索新零售模式并迅速抢占市场，扩张战略与影响机制值得深入探究。本研究基于2018—2023年中国瑞幸门店的兴趣点（point of interest, POI）数据，构建地理指标体系，运用空间分析与因子探测方法，探究瑞幸咖啡的资源集聚格局演化及其形成机制。研究结果如下：（1）瑞幸咖啡在中国的空间布局呈现高度集中、分布不均衡的特征，呈现从沿海地区向内陆扩散的扩张趋势，绝大多数门店布局于城市群以及一二线城市等经济发达区域；（2）瑞幸咖啡的空间扩张模式历经三个阶段：初期以等级扩散为主导，中期为等级扩散与接触扩散相结合，后期则以接触扩散为主；（3）瑞幸咖啡门店数量的空间分异是多因素共同作用的结果，但各因素对空间分异的影响程度差异显著。具体而言，第二地理区域内的城市建设水平与消费能力、第三地理区域内的信息化水平与人力资本，对空间分布的解释力最强；（4）核心影响因素对瑞幸咖啡空间分布的影响存在空间异质性，局部失衡现象突出，存在相关影响的分析单元呈现块状与带状集聚特征。本研究可为当前中国新零售品牌空间扩张模式与影响机制的相关研究提供实证支撑。