IMPORTANCE OF CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND EQUIPMENT LIFETIME IN THE STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF SUGARCANE HARVESTERS

ABSTRACT Recently, Brazilian agriculture and the mechanization process have been improved and developed, particularly in sugarcane cultivation. The developed processes should adopt suitable management practices in terms of the technical, economic, and operational logistical aspects. As a management tool, the present study aimed to measure the impact of the accumulated use of harvesters (life in h) and agricultural productivity (Mg · ha−1) on the harvesting operational capacity (HOC). Mathematical modeling was performed on data obtained from eight sugarcane production units, and equations corresponding to the HOC as a function of the harvester's life and the crop agricultural productivity were developed. The equation that best represented the phenomenon was selected. The values of the HOC depend on operational conditions and range from (17 to 44) Mg · h−1, thereby demonstrating significant operational and economic discrepancies. When the mean life of the harvester was 10,000 h and the mean productivity of the cane field was 80.0 Mg · ha−1, an HOC of 31.7 Mg · h−1 was obtained. It was found that agricultural productivity is directly proportional to the HOC, whereas the harvester's life is inversely proportional to the HOC; the parameters are not linear in both cases.

摘要 近年来，巴西农业及其机械化进程持续改进与发展，其中甘蔗种植领域的进展尤为显著。此类成熟的作业流程需在技术、经济及运营物流维度采用适配的管理方案。本研究旨在为农业管理提供决策支撑，具体探究收割机累计作业寿命（以小时计，记为h）与农业生产力（单位：兆克每公顷，记为Mg·ha⁻¹）对收割作业能力（Harvesting Operational Capacity，HOC）的影响。本研究基于8个甘蔗生产单元采集的数据集开展数学建模，构建了以收割机作业寿命与农田农业生产力为自变量的收割作业能力（HOC）拟合方程，并筛选出拟合效果最优的模型。收割作业能力（HOC）的取值受作业工况影响，区间为17~44 Mg·h⁻¹，该范围体现出显著的作业与经济差异。当收割机平均作业寿命为10000小时、蔗田平均生产力为80.0 Mg·ha⁻¹时，测算得到的HOC为31.7 Mg·h⁻¹。研究表明，农业生产力与HOC呈正相关关系，而收割机作业寿命则与HOC呈负相关关系；且二者与HOC的关联均不满足线性关系。