Supplementary information files for "Associations of self-reported sleep quality and duration with dietary eating behaviours: a cross-sectional study of 27,263 UK adults"

Supplementary files for article "Associations of self-reported sleep quality and duration with dietary eating behaviours: a cross-sectional study of 27,263 UK adults"<br><br>Sub-optimal sleep, whether insufficient, excessive, or poor-quality, is an independent risk factor for obesity, largely through influencing energy intake via altered appetite and reward processing. Less is known about its influence on real-world dietary behaviours. We examined associations of self-reported sleep quality and duration with dietary eating behaviours in a large UK adult cohort. 27,263 adults (median (interquartile range): age, 51.0 (16.0) years; BMI, 25.2 (5.3) kg/m2; 40.5% female) completed a standardised health assessment, including self-reported sleep quality (1–10 scale) and duration. Thirteen eating behaviours broadly reflecting emotional/reward-driven eating, dietary disinhibition, food preferences, and meal patterns were assessed via questionnaire. Regression models examined associations between sleep characteristics and eating behaviours, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, assessment year, and region. Odds ratios (OR) are presented for ordinal/binary outcomes and rate ratios (RR) for count outcomes. Poor sleep quality and short sleep duration were associated with an eating profile suggestive of heightened emotional/reward-driven eating and reduced dietary restraint. This included higher odds/frequency of eating out of boredom, stress, or anger, overeating, skipping meals, and consuming energy-dense foods (OR/RR range: 1.08-3.50, P≤0.018). Long sleep duration was linked to higher emotional eating (OR range: 1.16-1.19, P&lt;0.001) but showed fewer signs of impulsivity or disinhibited intake. Some behaviours, like adding sugar to food and snacking, were not consistently related to sleep characteristics. In conclusion, short and poor-quality sleep are associated with eating patterns that may increase obesity risk. Interventions targeting sleep extension and quality could support healthier dietary behaviours and appetite regulation.<br><br>© The Author(s), CC-BY 4.0

论文《自我报告睡眠质量与时长与饮食进食行为的关联：针对27263名英国成年人的横断面研究》补充材料<br><br>睡眠质量不佳（无论为睡眠时间不足、过长抑或质量低劣）均为肥胖的独立危险因素，其作用机制主要通过改变食欲与奖赏加工过程，进而影响能量摄入。目前学界对其在真实场景中对饮食行为的影响尚所知甚少。本研究针对大型英国成人队列，探讨自我报告睡眠质量（self-reported sleep quality）与睡眠时间（sleep duration）同饮食进食行为之间的关联。<br><br>共计27263名成年人参与了标准化健康评估，其年龄中位数（四分位距）为51.0（16.0）岁，体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）为25.2（5.3）kg/m²，女性占比40.5%。评估内容涵盖自我报告睡眠质量与睡眠时间，其中睡眠质量采用1~10分量表进行评定。研究通过问卷评估了13项进食行为，这些行为大致可反映情绪/奖赏驱动性进食、饮食抑制失调、食物偏好以及进餐模式。本研究采用回归模型分析睡眠特征与进食行为之间的关联，并对年龄、性别、社会经济地位、评估年份以及地区进行了混杂因素校正。对于有序/二分类结局，报告比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）；对于计数结局，报告率比（Rate Ratio, RR）。<br><br>睡眠质量差与睡眠时间短均与提示情绪/奖赏驱动性进食增强、饮食约束性降低的进食模式相关，具体表现为因无聊、压力或愤怒而进食、过量进食、漏餐以及摄入高能量密度食物的发生几率/频率更高（OR/RR范围：1.08~3.50，P≤0.018）。睡眠时间过长则与情绪性进食风险升高相关（OR范围：1.16~1.19，P<0.001），但未表现出明显的冲动性进食或饮食抑制失调特征。部分进食行为，如向食物中加糖与零食摄入，则与睡眠特征未呈现出一致的关联。<br><br>综上，睡眠时间短与睡眠质量差均与可能升高肥胖风险的进食模式相关。针对睡眠时长延长与睡眠质量改善的干预措施，或有助于促进更健康的饮食行为与食欲调节。<br><br>© 作者，知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议（CC BY 4.0）