Gender Differences in Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract In order to understand trends reported in research carried out about gender differences in creativity, a systematic review of the scientific literature on the electronic databases Scielo, Pepsic, CAPES Periodicals, Academic Search Premier, Academic Search Elite, Redalyc, and MEDLINE Complete was held. The 133 publications analysis showed that the articles were published between 1975 and 2020, most of them of international origin (82.71%). Most studies reported gender differences, with 45.20% in favor of women. Another 23.28% in favor of men, and 31.50%, oscillating according to the content evaluated. There was no consensus on the issue since inconsistent results were found, sometimes indicating the predominance of better results achieved by women, sometimes by men, in the same measures. This finding reinforces the importance that studies of this nature consider the influence of other factors, such as attitudes, motivation, opportunities, and the type of measure used to establish more accurate results.

摘要 为厘清创造力性别差异相关研究的报告趋势，本研究针对Scielo、Pepsic、CAPES Periodicals、Academic Search Premier、Academic Search Elite、Redalyc及MEDLINE Complete等电子数据库中的科学文献开展了系统性综述。本次分析共纳入133篇文献，其发表时间跨度为1975年至2020年，其中绝大多数（82.71%）来自国际研究成果。大部分研究均报告了性别差异：45.20%的研究结果支持女性更具优势，23.28%的研究结果支持男性更具优势，剩余31.50%的研究结果则随所评估的内容不同而呈现波动。该议题尚未达成共识，研究结果存在不一致性——在相同的测量维度下，有时会得出女性表现更优的结论，有时则会得出男性表现更优的结论。这一发现凸显了此类研究需考量态度、动机、机遇以及所采用的测量类型等其他因素的影响，以获得更为精准的研究结果。