Supplementary information files for "Numerical investigation of module-level inhomogeneous ageing in lithium-ion batteries from temperature gradients and electrical connection topologies"

Supplementary files for article "Numerical investigation of module-level inhomogeneous ageing in lithium-ion batteries from temperature gradients and electrical connection topologies"<br><br>The distribution of current/voltage can be further regulated by optimising the electrical connection topology, considering a particular battery thermal management systems. This study numerically investigates a 4P6S battery module with two connection topologies: 1) a straight connection topology, where the sub-modules consist of parallel-connected cells that are serial connected in a linear configuration, and 2) a parallelogram connection topology, where the sub-modules are serial connected in a parallelogram configuration. We find that the straight topology is more advantageous, as it allows the temperature gradient to be distributed among the parallel-connected cells in the sub-modules, mitigating over(dis)charging. Consequently, it achieves a 0.8% higher effective capacity than the parallelogram topology at 1C discharge, along with a higher state of health at 80.15% compared to 80% for the parallelogram topology. Notably, the straight topology results in a maximum current maldistribution of 0.24C at 1C discharge, which is considered an acceptable trade-off.<br><br>© The Author(s), CC BY 4.0

论文《基于温度梯度与电气连接拓扑的锂离子电池（lithium-ion batteries）模组级非均匀老化数值研究》补充材料

在采用特定电池热管理系统（battery thermal management systems）的前提下，可通过优化电气连接拓扑（electrical connection topology）进一步调控电流与电压的分布。本研究针对一款4P6S电池模组开展数值研究，该模组包含两种连接拓扑：其一为直连拓扑，其子模组由并联电芯构成，且各子模组以线性结构串联；其二为平行四边形拓扑，其子模组以平行四边形结构串联。研究表明直连拓扑更具优势：其可将温度梯度分散至子模组内的各并联电芯之间，有效缓解过充/过放问题。因此，在1C放电工况下，直连拓扑的有效容量较平行四边形拓扑高出0.8%，其健康状态（state of health）可达80.15%，而平行四边形拓扑仅为80%。值得注意的是，在1C放电工况下，直连拓扑的最大电流分布不均度可达0.24C，但该结果仍处于可接受的权衡范围内。

© 作者，CC BY 4.0