Table_3_Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

Background and aimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Several epidemiological studies attempted to assess the association between dairy product and the likelihood of NAFLD, but the contribution of dairy consumption to NAFLD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD.
MethodsWe conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, we conducted a thorough search of the literature published before January 5, 2023. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD in relation to dairy product intake were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed according to the study design, region, sex, body mass index (BMI), type of exposure, NAFLD diagnostic criteria, and exposure assessment tools.
ResultsWe initially identified 4,634 relevant studies, of which 25 complied with the inclusion criteria, including seven cross-sectional studies, six case–control studies and one cohort study. A total of 51,476 participants (14,546 patients with NAFLD) were included in the meta-analysis. There was an inverse association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that lower likelihood of NAFLD was associated with dairy product consumption in subgroups of Asian populations, women, patients diagnosed using NAFLD-related scores, patients with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, dairy intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, milk consumption, and yogurt consumption. No noteworthy connection was observed in the other subgroups.
ConclusionOur meta-analysis findings revealed that dairy product consumption is inversely associated with NAFLD. Consumption of dairy products could help prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

背景与目的：非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD）是慢性肝病最常见的病因之一。既往多项流行病学研究试图评估乳制品摄入与非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病风险的关联，但乳制品摄入对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的影响仍存在争议。本研究开展一项荟萃分析，以探讨乳制品摄入与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关联。
方法：我们检索了PubMed、Web of Science及Scopus数据库，全面检索了2023年1月5日前发表的相关文献。采用随机效应模型估算乳制品摄入与非酒精性脂肪性肝病关联的合并比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）及95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）。根据研究设计、地域、性别、体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）、暴露类型、非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断标准及暴露评估工具进行亚组分析和荟萃回归分析。
结果：本研究初筛得到4634篇相关文献，其中25篇符合纳入标准，包括7项横断面研究、6项病例对照研究及1项队列研究。最终共纳入51476名受试者（其中14546例非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者）用于本次荟萃分析。结果显示，乳制品摄入与非酒精性脂肪性肝病呈负相关（OR=0.97，95%CI：0.94~0.99）。亚组分析表明，在亚洲人群、女性、采用非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关评分诊断的受试者、体质量指数为18.5~24.9kg/m²的人群、通过食物频率问卷评估乳制品摄入的组别、牛奶摄入组及酸奶摄入组中，乳制品摄入与较低的非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病风险相关。其余亚组未观察到显著关联。
结论：本荟萃分析结果显示，乳制品摄入与非酒精性脂肪性肝病呈负相关。乳制品摄入或可有助于预防非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生发展。