Annual Agricultural Area and Production Survey 2015 - Ecuador

Abstract
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The National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), through the Directorate of Agricultural and Economic Statistics (DEAGA) executed the Annual Agricultural Area and Production Survey (ESPAC), 2015.

This survey was carried out in Ecuador at the national level, in all provinces, except for the Galapagos and unassigned areas such as Las Golondrinas, Manga del Cura and El Piedrero. A method known as the multiple sample frame was applied for the survey, which is a combination of area sample frames and list sample frames. The unit of observation is the agricultural land or holding.

The main objective of the survey is to provide information on the agricultural sector, referring to planted, sown, and/or harvested areas, production and sales of permanent/transient crops, animal/livestock breeding, as well as, the employment of labor. This was done in order to have information for formulating crop plans and diversification of agricultural production, formulating price rules and, incentives to improve agricultural production. It was also done to establish a system of equitable distribution of production in the different areas of the country, contribute to the sectoral economic analysis, as well as, the preparation and execution of import and export policies for agricultural products so that the country, through the national government, can promote policies that strengthen the agricultural sector.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage (Except Galapagos).

Analysis unit
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Agricultural holdings

Universe
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All properties that are within the selected sampling segment.

The survey covers the rural area of continental Ecuador. However, populated centers, the province of Galapagos and areas not assigned to a province such as Las Golondrinas, Manga del Cura and El Piedrero are excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Annual Agricultural Area and Production Survey (ESPAC) 2015 uses the multi-frame sampling methodology (MMM), which consists of a combination of Sample Area Frame (MMA) and a Sample List Frame (MML). This statistical method is used in order to select samples/units of investigation from the area and list frames.

The MMA sampling consists of dividing the total area of the country into strata based on agricultural activity intensity. The strata are further divided into sampling segments (SMs), whose area varies according to each stratum.

The MML sampling consists of extracting information from all or a sample of the elements found in the list frame. The list frame is a directory prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), which includes the main Agricultural Production Units (UPAs) that are investigated in order to improve the quality of the estimates.

The sample size consists of selecting a sample of 5,622 segments from the area frame, and a list of 3,923 observation units from the list frame.

Sampling deviation
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There were deviations from the original sample design due to heterogeneity of the sample frame or instrument failure or other inconsistencies that occur in the development of the survey.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations
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In the Annual Agricultural Area and Production Survey 2015, the Expert System is used. This is a computer system that automatically produces coding once the data is entered. This system also allows for individual review and validation, after which the database is generated. Usually, after data collection, the questionnaire is delivered to the digitizer/ operator who enters the information into the computer in the Expert System. Once the information is entered, it is encrypted, validated and verified. This validation process is implemented in the system to check for inconsistencies and errors. In certain cases, the questionnaire is delivered to the field staff so that the information is verified again, and the data is re-entered. After this, a database is created, followed by processing and analysis to generate results to be published.

Response rate
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The non-response rate is less than 0.05% because of certain segments, in which it is very difficult to collect information, due to factors such as; inability to locate segments, rejections etc.

Data appraisal
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The data from the survey went through several quality control processes. The first is carried out by the field supervisor, who is responsible for reviewing, evaluating, verifying and rectifying the data collected. The second is during digital data entry, where controls and validations are performed. Lastly, there is also both zonal and national supervision during data collection to minimize errors and ensure that accurate information is collected by interviewers.

摘要
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国家统计与普查局（INEC）通过农业与经济统计司（DEAGA）实施了2015年年度农业面积与生产调查（ESPAC）。

此次调查在厄瓜多尔全国范围内进行，涵盖了所有省份，除加拉帕戈斯群岛及未分配区域，如拉斯戈隆迪拉斯、曼加德尔库拉和埃尔皮埃德雷罗。调查采用了多重抽样框架方法，该方法结合了区域抽样框架和列表抽样框架。观测单位为农业用地或经营单位。

调查的主要目标是提供关于农业部门的信息，包括种植、播种和/或收获面积，永久性/临时作物的生产和销售，动物/家畜饲养，以及劳动力就业情况。此举旨在为制定作物计划和农业生产的多样化，制定价格规则和激励措施以改善农业生产提供信息。此外，还旨在建立国家不同地区的生产公平分配体系，为行业经济分析做出贡献，以及为农业产品的进出口政策制定和执行做准备，以便国家政府能够通过制定政策来加强农业部门。

地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖（除加拉帕戈斯群岛外）。

分析单位
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农业经营单位

总体
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所有位于所选抽样段内的财产。

调查涵盖了厄瓜多尔大陆的农村地区。然而，人口中心、加拉帕戈斯省以及未分配给省份的区域，如拉斯戈隆迪拉斯、曼加德尔库拉和埃尔皮埃德雷罗，则被排除在外。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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2015年年度农业面积与生产调查（ESPAC）采用了多重框架抽样方法（MMM），该方法包括样本区域框架（MMA）和样本列表框架（MML）的结合。这种统计方法用于从区域和列表框架中选择样本/研究单位。

MMA抽样包括根据农业活动强度将国家总面积划分为层，并将层进一步划分为抽样段（SMs），其面积根据每层而变化。

MML抽样包括从列表框架中的所有或部分元素中提取信息。列表框架是由国家统计与普查局（INEC）准备的目录，其中包含主要农业生产单位（UPAs），以便提高估计质量。

样本量包括从区域框架中选择5,622个抽样段，以及从列表框架中选择3,923个观测单位。

抽样偏差
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由于样本框架或工具故障或其他在调查开发过程中出现的不一致性，存在对原始样本设计的偏差。

数据收集方式
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面对面纸质调查 [f2f]

数据清理操作
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在2015年年度农业面积与生产调查中，使用了专家系统。这是一个计算机系统，在数据输入后自动生成编码。此系统还允许进行个别审查和验证，之后生成数据库。通常，在数据收集后，问卷会被送到数字化员/操作员那里，他们将信息输入到专家系统中的计算机。信息输入后，会被加密、验证和核实。该验证过程在系统中实施，以检查不一致性和错误。在某些情况下，问卷会被送到现场工作人员那里，以便再次验证信息，并重新输入数据。之后，创建数据库，然后进行加工和分析，以生成待发布的成果。

应答率
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非应答率低于0.05%，这是由于某些抽样段，由于某些因素（如无法定位抽样段、拒绝等）收集信息非常困难。

数据评估
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调查数据经过了多个质量控制过程。首先是现场监督员进行的，他负责审查、评估、核实和更正收集到的数据。其次是数字数据输入期间的控件和验证。最后，在数据收集期间也有区域和国家监督，以最大限度地减少错误并确保访谈员收集到准确的信息。