microbiota of Nlrx1-/- mice. Bacteria

Evidence is mounting that the maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis is essential during viral infections, and Hantaan virus (HTNV) is no exception. We explored the impact of NLRX1 deletion on the gut microbiota of mice in the context of HTNV infection, as NOD-like receptors play a key role in the immune system. To analyse the changes in gut microbiota after HTNV infection, we are comparing C57BL/6 and the Nlrx1-/- mice model. Analysis of the gut microbiota and serum metabolomics of Nlrx1-/- mice infected with HTNV revealed a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides, which may be linked to inflammation. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of serum metabolomics indicated that Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with metabolites from glutamine metabolism, while Firmicutes was positively correlated with them. Furthermore, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Patescibacteria were found to be negatively associated with metabolites involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These findings suggest that HTNV infection is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota composition of both WT and Nlrx1-/- mice, and that there is a significant difference in the profile of fecal microbiota and serum metabolites in Nlrx1-/- mice with different HTNV infection stages. This could potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of HTNV and serve as potential therapeutic agents.

越来越多的证据表明，在病毒感染过程中维持肠道菌群稳态至关重要，汉坦病毒（Hantaan virus, HTNV）感染亦不例外。鉴于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体（NOD-like receptors）在免疫系统中发挥关键作用，本研究探讨了汉坦病毒感染背景下NLRX1基因敲除对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。为分析汉坦病毒感染后小鼠肠道菌群的变化，本研究以C57BL/6小鼠与Nlrx1基因敲除（Nlrx1-/-）小鼠为模型开展对照实验。对汉坦病毒感染的Nlrx1基因敲除小鼠的肠道菌群与血清代谢组学分析结果显示，其厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的比值升高，该现象可能与炎症反应相关。此外，血清代谢组学的综合分析显示，拟杆菌门与谷氨酰胺代谢产物呈负相关，而厚壁菌门则与其呈正相关。进一步研究发现，放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）以及帕氏杆菌门（Patescibacteria）与参与多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs）合成的代谢产物呈负相关。上述研究结果表明，汉坦病毒感染可改变野生型（WT）与Nlrx1基因敲除小鼠的肠道菌群组成，且不同感染阶段的Nlrx1基因敲除小鼠的粪便菌群与血清代谢物谱存在显著差异。该研究结果可为阐明汉坦病毒的致病机制提供新见解，同时有望成为潜在的治疗靶点。