黑河流域地表过程综合观测网：大满超级站宇宙射线观测系统（2022）

该数据集包含了2022年1月1日至2022年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游大满超级站宇宙射线观测系统数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市大满灌区农田内，下垫面是玉米田。观测点的经纬度是100.372° E, 38.856° N，海拔1556m。仪器探头底部距地面0.5m，采样频率是1小时。
宇宙射线仪器的原始观测项目包括：电压Batt（V）、温度T（℃）、相对湿度RH（%）、气压P（hPa）、快中子数N1C（个/小时）、热中子数N2C（个/小时）、快中子采样时间N1ET（s）及热中子采样时间N2ET（s）。发布的数据为经过处理计算后的数据，数据表头包括：Date Time（日期 时间）、P（气压 hPa）、N1C（快中子数 个/小时）、N1C_cor（气压订正的快中子数 个/小时）和VWC（土壤体积含水量 %），其处理的主要步骤包括：
1） 数据筛选
数据筛选共四条标准：（1）剔除电压小于和等于11.8伏特的数据；（2）剔除空气相对湿度大于和等于80%的数据；（3）剔除采样时间间隔不在60±1分钟内的数据；（4） 剔除快中子数较前后一小时变化大于200的数据。剔除及缺失数据用-6999补充。
2） 气压订正
根据仪器说明手册中提到的快中子气压订正公式，对原始数据进行气压订正，得到订正后的快中子数N1C_cor。
3） 仪器率定
在计算土壤水分的过程中需要对计算公式中的N0进行率定。N0为土壤干燥条件下的快中子数，通常使用测量源区内的土样得到实测土壤水分（或者通过比较密集的土壤水分无线传感器获取）θm（Zreda et al. 2012）和对应时间段内的快中子校正数据N，再通过公式反求得到N0。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Zhu et al. (2015)。

This dataset contains cosmic ray observation system data collected by the Daman Super Station in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, spanning from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. The station is situated in the farmland of the Daman Irrigation District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with its underlying surface being maize cropland. The observation site has coordinates of 100.372° E, 38.856° N, and an altitude of 1556 m. The bottom of the instrument probe is 0.5 m above the ground, with a sampling interval of 1 hour.

The original observation items of the cosmic ray instrument include: voltage Batt (V), temperature T (℃), relative humidity RH (%), atmospheric pressure P (hPa), fast neutron count N1C (counts/hour), thermal neutron count N2C (counts/hour), fast neutron sampling time N1ET (s), and thermal neutron sampling time N2ET (s). The published data are post-processed and calculated, with table headers including: Date Time (date and time), P (atmospheric pressure, hPa), N1C (fast neutron count, counts/hour), N1C_cor (atmospheric pressure-corrected fast neutron count, counts/hour), and VWC (soil volumetric water content, %). The main processing steps are as follows:
1) Data Screening
There are four criteria for data screening:
(1) Remove data with voltage less than or equal to 11.8 V;
(2) Remove data with air relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%;
(3) Remove data with sampling time intervals not within 60±1 minutes;
(4) Remove data where the fast neutron count changes by more than 200 compared to the counts of the preceding and following one hour. The removed and missing data are filled with -6999.
2) Atmospheric Pressure Correction
Perform atmospheric pressure correction on the original data according to the fast neutron atmospheric pressure correction formula specified in the instrument instruction manual to obtain the corrected fast neutron count N1C_cor.
3) Instrument Calibration
During the calculation of soil moisture, N0 in the computational formula requires calibration. N0 refers to the fast neutron count under dry soil conditions. Typically, in-situ soil moisture θ_m (Zreda et al. 2012) is acquired via soil samples collected from the measurement source region (or obtained using relatively dense soil moisture wireless sensors), paired with the corrected fast neutron data N corresponding to the same time period. Subsequently, N0 is inversely solved based on these datasets.

For information on the Heihe River Comprehensive Observation Network or the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for the observation data processing procedures, please refer to Zhu et al. (2015).