Acute Onset Neurological Disorders during Pregnancy: A Literature Review

Abstract Objectives To characterize the most common peripheral and central neurological disorders during pregnancy. Methods Original research and review of the literature on neurological complications during pregnancy. We searched for keywords related to the topic on different databases. Results Pregnancy involves physiological changes that can trigger peripheral neurological and/or central nervous system pathologies, which can sometimes be associated with hypertensive disorders. A definitive diagnosis of neurological disorders can be made according to the trimester of pregnancy and the clinical findings. Carpal tunnel syndrome and peripheral facial palsy are common peripheral neurological disorders, more frequent in the second half of pregnancy. Central nervous disorders are more complex and a precise diagnosis must be made in order to improve perinatal outcomes, provide correct management and treatment and to prevent acute and long-term complications. Conclusions It is possible to achieve a precise diagnosis,management and treatment of neurological disorders during pregnancy, but these require a multidisciplinary approach, crucial to improve perinatal outcomes.

摘要
研究目的：旨在明确妊娠期间最常见的外周与中枢神经系统疾病。
研究方法：针对妊娠期间神经系统并发症开展原创性研究及文献综述，我们在多类数据库中检索与该主题相关的关键词。
研究结果：妊娠过程伴随的生理改变可诱发外周神经系统及/或中枢神经系统病变，部分此类病变可与高血压疾病相关联。依据妊娠孕周及临床检查结果，可对神经系统疾病作出明确诊断。腕管综合征（Carpal tunnel syndrome）与周围性面神经麻痹是常见的外周神经系统疾病，在妊娠后半阶段更为高发。中枢神经系统疾病更为复杂，需开展精准诊断，以改善围产期结局、提供规范的诊疗方案，并预防急性及远期并发症。
研究结论：尽管可对妊娠期间的神经系统疾病实现精准诊断、管理与治疗，但此类工作需采用多学科协作模式，该模式对改善围产期结局至关重要。