Confirmatory factor analysis.

Previous studies on environmental restorative effects have mainly focused on visual landscapes, and less on the influence of soundscapes on restorative, but soundscapes play a crucial role in restorative environments, especially rural soundscapes, but there is insufficient existing theoretical evidence on the subject. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of Rural Soundscape Perception on Environmental Restoration Perception, and introduces two affective variables, tourism nostalgia and place attachment, to explore the mechanism of Rural Soundscape Perception on Environmental Restoration Perception, as well as the moderating role of the number of trips is also discussed. Based on the theory of restorative environment, this study took the Taohuayuan Scenic Spot in Changde, Hunan Province, China, as the case site, and selected the rural soundscape in the area as the research object; a total of 506 valid data were collected through questionnaire surveys, and structural equation modeling was used to validate the collected data. It was found that rural soundscape perception had a significant positive effect on tourism nostalgia, place attachment, and environmental restoration perception. The results also showed that tourism nostalgia and place attachment mediated the relationship between rural soundscape perception and environmental restoration perception. Additionally, the results revealed that the number of trips did not play a moderating role in the structural relationship between rural soundscape perception and environmental restoration perception. Last, the results of the study shed light on the complex influence path of "rural soundscape perception→tourism nostalgia→place attachment→environmental restoration perception", which provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of the rural environment to people’s health, and also has a certain guiding significance for the landscape planning of rural tourism sites.

过往针对环境恢复效应的研究多集中于视觉景观，对音景（soundscape）在恢复性体验中的影响关注较少，但音景在恢复性环境中发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是乡村音景，然而当前该主题的理论证据仍较为不足。为此，本研究旨在探讨乡村音景感知对环境恢复感知的影响，并引入旅游怀旧感（tourism nostalgia）与地方依恋（place attachment）两个情感变量，以剖析乡村音景感知作用于环境恢复感知的内在机制，同时探讨出游次数的调节效应。基于恢复性环境理论，本研究以中国湖南省常德市桃花源风景名胜区为案例研究地，选取该区域的乡村音景作为研究对象；通过问卷调查共收集到506份有效数据，并采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling）对所得数据进行验证分析。研究结果显示，乡村音景感知对旅游怀旧感、地方依恋及环境恢复感知均存在显著的正向影响。此外，旅游怀旧感与地方依恋在乡村音景感知与环境恢复感知的关系中起到中介作用。进一步分析发现，出游次数并未在乡村音景感知与环境恢复感知的结构关系中发挥调节作用。最后，本研究揭示了“乡村音景感知→旅游怀旧感→地方依恋→环境恢复感知”这一复杂影响路径，为理解乡村环境对人类健康的作用机制提供了全新视角，同时对乡村旅游地的景观规划具有一定的指导意义。