Production of copper-based metallic glasses: evolution of the phases during mechanical alloying

ABSTRACTIn this study, different, copper-based materials were fabricated under equal milling conditions (SPEX 8000D, argon atmosphere, stearic acid, BPR=10:1) and variable amounts of time, from 1 to 120 hours, in order to compare the microstructural changes during the process. The materials were: Pure copper; Cu-Ni alloys; Cu-Zr alloys; and Cu-Ni-Zr alloys. Subsequent to milling, the samples were measured with X-Ray Diffraction, Electron Transmission Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. According to the results, copper, upon being subjected to the process, reaches a crystallite size that tends towards an asymptote starting at 5 hours. In the Cu-Ni system, instead of observing a microstructural refinement during this same period, there was rather a total solubilization of the nickel into the copper (40-60 and50-50), and of the copper into the nickel (60-40). As for the Cu-Zr binary system, it was found that, for five hours as well, the system was practically amorphous (60-40 and 50-50), a condition also present in the Cu-Ni-Zr ternary alloys (60-10-30 and 50-10-40).

摘要：本研究在相同的球磨工艺条件（SPEX 8000D型球磨机、氩气气氛、硬脂酸、球料比（Ball-to-Powder Ratio，BPR）=10:1）下，通过设置1至120小时的可变球磨时长，制备了多种铜基材料，以对比该球磨过程中的微观结构演变。所制备的材料包括：纯铜、铜镍合金、铜锆合金以及铜镍锆三元合金。球磨完成后，采用X射线衍射（X-Ray Diffraction）、透射电子显微镜（Electron Transmission Microscopy）与差示扫描量热法（Differential Scanning Calorimetry）对样品进行表征。结果表明，纯铜经该工艺处理后，其晶粒尺寸在5小时左右开始趋近于渐近值。在铜镍体系中，该时段内并未观察到微观结构细化，反而发生了镍在铜中的完全固溶（配比为40-60与50-50），以及铜在镍中的完全固溶（配比为60-40）。针对铜锆二元体系，研究发现其在球磨5小时后同样几乎完全非晶化（配比为60-40与50-50）；该非晶态结构同样存在于铜镍锆三元合金中（配比为60-10-30与50-10-40）。