Agronomy-3462139

Purpose: Under the background of spring drought, salinization recovery, and rigid water resource constraints in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different improvement measures[JC: desulfurized gypsum, ETS microbial agent, and bi-ochar composite treatment, FS: desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, and mulching composite treatment, CK: control treatment] on maize fresh biomass and the basic physicochemical prop-erties of saline-alkali soil at four irrigation levels [WI: local conventional water amount (4500 m³/hm²), W2: 10% water-saving (4050 m³/hm²), W3: 20% water-saving (3600 m³/hm²), W4: 30% water-saving (3150 m³/hm²)]. The objective is to provide a basis for water-saving irrigation in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia while ensuring maize yield. Results: The results indicated that, compared to the CK treatment, both JC treatment and FS treatment reduced soil pH, with the JC treatment showing a more significant reduction in soil alkalinity than the FS treatment. Both JC and FS treatments inhibited the increase in soil EC, but the JC treatment demonstrated a signifi-cantly stronger ability to suppress EC elevation than the FS treatment. Both FS and JC treatments increased soil moisture content, indicating that they both enhanced soil water retention capacity. However, during the maize seedling stage in May, the FS treatment showed stronger water re-tention than the JC treatment; while in July (maize tasseling stage) and September (maize maturity stage), the JC treatment exhibited better water retention than the FS treatment. Under all four water conditions, both JC and FS treatments increased maize fresh biomass, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments under W1 and W2 conditions. Under W3 and W4 conditions, the JC treatment significantly outperformed the FS treatment in increasing maize fresh biomass. Specifically, under W3 conditions, the maize fresh biomass for the JC and FS treatments were 88.01 t/hm² and 85.73 t/hm², respectively, while the CK treatment under W1 conditions had a fresh biomass of 87.12 t/hm². This suggested that under the W3 condition, the JC treatment results in higher maize fresh biomass than CK under W1 conditions, whereas the FS treatment under W3 results in lower fresh biomass than CK under W1 conditions. Therefore, under the W3 irrigation condition, the JC treatment not only achieved a greater water-saving goal but also prevented yield loss due to reduced water usage.

目的：针对宁夏引黄灌区春季干旱、盐碱化修复及水资源刚性约束的背景，本研究旨在探究两种不同改良措施[JC：脱硫石膏、ETS微生物菌剂与生物炭复合处理；FS：脱硫石膏、腐殖酸与覆盖复合处理；CK：对照处理]在四个灌溉水平[W1：当地常规灌水量（4500 m³/hm²）；W2：节水10%（4050 m³/hm²）；W3：节水20%（3600 m³/hm²）；W4：节水30%（3150 m³/hm²）]下对玉米鲜生物量及盐碱土基本理化性质的影响，为宁夏引黄灌区在保障玉米产量的同时实施节水灌溉提供依据。
结果表明，与CK处理相比，JC处理和FS处理均能降低土壤pH值，且JC处理对土壤碱度的降低效果显著优于FS处理。两种处理均能抑制土壤电导率（EC）的升高，但JC处理的抑制能力显著更强。JC处理与FS处理均提高了土壤含水量，表明二者均增强了土壤保水能力；然而，在5月玉米苗期，FS处理的保水性强于JC处理；而在7月（玉米抽雄期）和9月（玉米成熟期），JC处理的保水性更优。在四种灌溉条件下，JC与FS处理均能提高玉米鲜生物量，但在W1和W2条件下，两种处理间无显著差异；在W3和W4条件下，JC处理在提高玉米鲜生物量方面显著优于FS处理。具体而言，W3条件下JC和FS处理的玉米鲜生物量分别为88.01 t/hm²和85.73 t/hm²，而W1条件下CK处理的鲜生物量为87.12 t/hm²。这表明，W3条件下JC处理的玉米鲜生物量高于W1条件下的CK处理，而W3条件下FS处理的鲜生物量则低于W1条件下的CK处理。因此，在W3灌溉条件下，JC处理不仅实现了更高的节水目标，还避免了因减少灌水量导致的产量损失。