Average of the expert panels.

Objective
Social Isolation and network are crucial factors which affect the quality of life and overall health of older adults. Therefore, in the field of health promotion, there’s a growing attention to assess and evaluate the social health including social isolation and network of older adults. This study aimed to develop a Social Isolation and Social Network (SISN) evaluation tool that comprehensively measure the social isolation and network of older adults.
Methods
Between April and June 2024, we gathered insights from 23 experts in lifestyle and health. Based on the previous research, a two-round Delphi survey was conducted to obtain expert consensus on key assessment components. In the initial survey, we collected expert’s opinions through open and closed-ended questions about social isolation and social network evaluation items. After the first survey, we corrected several items that didn’t meet the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) standard before proceeding. We presented the first survey’s findings to an expert panel, leading to a consensus.
Results
The initial Delphi round produced 32 items and the second round resulted in 30 items after adjusting those with CVR scores of 0.37 or less. The final CVR was 0.87 with a convergence of 0.87, a consensus level of 0.31 and stability level of 0.12.
Conclusion
This study successfully developed a comprehensive social isolation and social network assessment using a modified Delphi technique. The 30 items are categorized into three sections. The SISN is able to provide a systematic approach to evaluate social isolation and social network of older adults. Future studies should be conducted to examine the reliability and validity.

研究目标
社交隔离与社交网络是影响老年人生活质量与整体健康水平的关键因素。因此，在健康促进领域，针对老年人社交健康（含社交隔离与社交网络）开展评估的关注度日益提升。本研究旨在开发一款可全面测评老年人社交隔离与社交网络状况的社交隔离与社交网络（Social Isolation and Social Network, SISN）评估工具。

研究方法
2024年4月至6月期间，本研究招募23名生活方式与健康领域专家，基于前期研究开展两轮德尔菲法（Delphi）调查，以获取核心评估维度的专家共识。首轮调查中，研究人员通过开放式与封闭式问卷收集专家针对社交隔离与社交网络评估条目相关的意见。首轮调查结束后，研究人员对未达内容效度比（Content Validity Ratio, CVR）标准的条目进行修正，随后将首轮调查结果反馈至专家小组，最终达成共识。

研究结果
首轮德尔菲调查共生成32条评估条目，第二轮调查中对内容效度比得分≤0.37的条目进行调整后，最终保留30条评估条目。本次研究的最终内容效度比为0.87，专家一致性系数为0.87，共识水平为0.31，稳定性水平为0.12。

研究结论
本研究通过改良德尔菲法成功开发了一款全面的社交隔离与社交网络评估工具。该工具包含的30条评估条目被划分为三个维度。SISN可提供一套系统化的老年人社交隔离与社交网络状况测评方案。未来可开展相关研究以验证该工具的信度与效度。