Description of Isotòpia’s metadata structure.

We present Isotòpia, an open-access database compiling over 36,000 stable isotope measurements (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb) on human, animal, and plant bioarchaeological remains dating to Classical Antiquity (approximately 800 BCE ‐ 500 CE). These were recovered from different European regions, particularly from the Mediterranean. Isotòpia provides a comprehensive characterisation of the isotopic data, encompassing various historical, archaeological, biological, and environmental variables. Isotòpia is a resource for meta-analytical research of past human activities and paleoenvironments. The database highlights data gaps in isotopic classical archaeology, such as the limited number of isotopic measurements available for plants and animals, limited number of studies on spatial mobility, and spatial heterogeneity of isotopic research. As such, we emphasise the necessity to address and fill these gaps in order to unlock the reuse potential of this database.

本研究介绍了开放获取数据库Isotòpia，该库收录了总计超36000条稳定同位素测量数据，涵盖针对古典时代（约公元前800年至公元500年）人类、动物与植物生物考古遗存的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ¹⁸O、δ³⁴S、⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr、²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb及²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb同位素比值数据。相关数据采自欧洲不同区域，尤以地中海地区为主。Isotòpia对同位素数据进行了全面表征，涵盖各类历史、考古、生物及环境变量。本数据库可用于开展过往人类活动与古环境的元分析研究。该数据库同时揭示了同位素古典考古学领域现存的数据空白：例如动植物的同位素测量数据量有限、空间流动性相关研究数量偏少，以及同位素研究存在空间异质性问题。有鉴于此，我们强调亟需解决并填补这些缺口，以充分释放本数据库的复用潜力。