Physical activity level and associated factors among pregnant women: a population-based epidemiological study

Abstract This research aimed to assess the level of physical activity and identify the associated factors in pregnant women assisted in primary health care in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (Brazil). This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study, carried out with 1,279 pregnant women. Socioeconomic, occupational, obstetric, behavioral, social, health, and emotional variables were assessed using a questionnaire. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Pregnant Women was also applied. Descriptive statistical analysis and multinominal logistic regression with a hierarchical model were performed. The prevalence of physical inactivity in the physical activity and leisure time dimensions was verified. A mild level of physical activity was associated with the variables such as age from 21 to 30 years and up to 20 years old, income above two minimum wages, salaried work, and maternal-fetal attachment at a medium/high level. Income from one to two minimum wages and above two wages, paid work and self-employment, anxiety and stress symptoms, and medium/high maternal-fetal attachment were associated with the moderate/vigorous level. Multifactorial aspects must be considered in health promotion strategies directed to the practice of physical activity by pregnant women.

摘要 本研究旨在评估巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州蒙特斯克拉罗斯市基层医疗保健机构中接受诊疗的孕妇的身体活动水平，并识别其相关影响因素。本研究为流行病学分析性横断面研究，共纳入1279名孕妇作为研究对象。研究通过问卷对社会经济、职业、产科、行为、社会、健康及情绪相关变量进行评估，同时采用《孕妇身体活动问卷（Physical Activity Questionnaire for Pregnant Women）》开展数据采集。研究采用描述性统计分析及分层模型多项逻辑回归进行数据分析。结果验证了身体活动维度与闲暇时间维度下的身体活动不足患病率。研究发现，轻度身体活动与以下变量相关：年龄21~30岁及20岁及以下、收入高于2倍最低工资、受雇工作，以及中/高水平母胎依恋。收入处于1~2倍最低工资及2倍最低工资以上、受雇工作与个体经营、存在焦虑与应激症状，以及中/高水平母胎依恋，则与中/高强度身体活动相关。针对孕妇身体活动实践的健康促进策略，需综合考虑多维度影响因素。