Socio-demographic and Climatic factors.

Climate change is a significant global challenge with major impacts on human health. It directly affects vector-borne diseases such as malaria by expanding vector ranges, boosting reproduction and biting rates, and shortening pathogen incubation periods. This study aimed to evaluate the association of temperature and precipitation with malaria transmission among children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We employed an analytical cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between temperature, precipitation, and malaria transmission among 15,009 children aged under five in six SSA countries: Burundi, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. Historical climate data (temperature and precipitation) were retrieved from ERA-5 for the 12 months preceding the surveys. Weighted Modified Poisson regression model was used to assess the associations between climatic variables and malaria transmission. Malaria prevalence in the sample averaged 25.9%, with Nigeria (38.1%) and Burundi (38.0%) showing the highest rates. The results indicate that a one-degree Celsius rise in temperature increased malaria risk by 1.77-fold (95% CI: 1.297–2.414, p

气候变化是一项重大全球公共卫生挑战，对人类健康具有深远影响。其可通过扩大病媒生物分布范围、提升其繁殖与叮咬频率、缩短病原体潜伏期，直接影响疟疾等虫媒传染病（vector-borne diseases）的流行。本研究旨在评估撒哈拉以南非洲（Sub-Saharan Africa, SSA）五岁以下儿童的气温、降水与疟疾传播之间的关联。本研究采用分析性横断面研究设计，对撒哈拉以南非洲6个国家（布隆迪、布基纳法索、马拉维、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达）的15009名五岁以下儿童的气温、降水与疟疾传播的关联展开分析。研究从ERA-5数据集获取了调查前12个月的历史气温与降水数据。本研究采用加权修正泊松回归模型（Weighted Modified Poisson regression model），评估气候变量与疟疾传播之间的关联。样本整体疟疾感染率平均为25.9%，其中尼日利亚（38.1%）与布隆迪（38.0%）的感染率最高。研究结果显示，气温每升高1摄氏度，疟疾感染风险将升高1.77倍（95%置信区间：1.297–2.414，p