Determination of NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) in plant foods: exploring dietary sources

NAD+ is vital for all living organisms, playing key roles in redox reactions and cellular signaling. Understanding the levels of its biosynthetic precursors, NMN and NR, in foods is essential for assessing their dietary contributions to human nutrition and health. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of NMN, NR, and NAD+ levels for the first time in various common plant foods and non-conventional food plants from the Amazon, using a validated HPLC-DAD/UV method, further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. NMN concentrations ranged from 40 to 13,000 µg per 100 g of fresh weight, while the NR levels varied from 62 to 1,600 µg per 100 g. Broccoli and green beans were identified as rich sources of NMN, whereas wild chicory, banana, and orange had the highest NR content. This study enhances our understanding of how to optimize NAD+ levels through dietary sources and advances knowledge in food science and nutrition.

NAD+（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）对所有生命体至关重要，在氧化还原反应和细胞信号传导中发挥关键作用。了解其生物合成前体NMN（β-烟酰胺单核苷酸）和NR（烟酰胺核糖）在食物中的含量，对于评估它们通过膳食对人类营养与健康的贡献至关重要。我们首次采用经验证的HPLC-DAD/UV（高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测/紫外检测）方法，对多种常见植物性食物及亚马逊地区非常规食用植物中的NMN、NR和NAD+含量进行了全面分析，并通过LC-MS/MS（液相色谱-串联质谱）进一步验证。NMN的浓度范围为每100克鲜重40至13000微克，而NR的含量范围为每100克62至1600微克。西兰花和青豆被确定为NMN的丰富来源，而野生菊苣、香蕉和橙子的NR含量最高。本研究加深了我们对如何通过膳食来源优化NAD+水平的理解，并推动了食品科学与营养学领域的知识进步。