Data for parameters.

To tackle the challenges of severe pressure loss, mismatched flow supply and demand, and high flow demands at pump outlets commonly seen in multi-way valves of hilly and mountainous tractors, a load-independent flow distribution system was developed. This system combines an electro-hydraulic load-sensing pump with an independent flow distribution mechanism at the load port, resulting in a dual-variable load sensing system that integrates variable displacement and variable speed control. Using AMESim software, the core components and system model of the dual-variable load sensing system were built. Considering the operational characteristics of the multi-way valve, a load-sensitive variable pump with pressure differential and displacement detection was employed as the feedback control unit. The system incorporates a valve post-compensation mechanism and a three-position, six-way electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve. Additionally, a self-adjusting motor control method for pressure differential adaptation was introduced to regulate system pressure under high-load conditions. Simulation analyses of the system performance revealed that the design effectively boosts energy efficiency, achieving average energy savings of 20% and reaching up to 50% under optimal conditions, while keeping pressure fluctuations at the valve port within a 5% margin. By employing dual-variable load sensing technology, this system substantially improves the energy efficiency and operational effectiveness of multi-way valves while maintaining stable pressure throughout the operation. The design offers a reliable technical framework for the development and optimization of multi-way valves in hilly and mountainous tractors.

为解决丘陵山地拖拉机（hilly and mountainous tractors）多路阀（multi-way valves）普遍存在的严重压力损失（pressure loss）、流量供需不匹配以及泵出口（pump outlets）流量需求过高的行业痛点，本研究开发了独立负载流量分配系统（load-independent flow distribution system）。该系统将电液负载传感泵（electro-hydraulic load-sensing pump）与负载端口（load port）独立流量分配机构（independent flow distribution mechanism）相结合，构建了集成变量排量（variable displacement）与变量转速控制（variable speed control）的双变量负载传感系统（dual-variable load sensing system）。借助AMESim软件，搭建了该双变量负载传感系统的核心组件与系统模型。结合多路阀的工作特性（operational characteristics），本设计采用集成压差（pressure differential）与排量检测（displacement detection）功能的负载敏感变量泵（load-sensitive variable pump）作为反馈控制单元（feedback control unit）。该系统集成了阀后补偿机构（valve post-compensation mechanism）与三位六通电液比例换向阀（three-position, six-way electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve），此外还引入了压差自适应（pressure differential adaptation）自调节电机控制方法（self-adjusting motor control method），用于调节高负载工况（high-load conditions）下的系统压力。系统性能仿真分析（simulation analyses）结果表明，该设计可有效提升能源利用效率（energy efficiency），平均节能率达20%，最优工况下节能率可达50%，同时可将阀口（valve port）压力波动（pressure fluctuations）控制在5%以内。通过采用双变量负载传感技术（dual-variable load sensing technology），该系统在保障作业过程压力稳定的同时，大幅提升了多路阀的能源效率与作业效能（operational effectiveness），为丘陵山地拖拉机多路阀的开发与优化提供了可靠的技术框架。