Wet Pitfall trap data - 2020

Sampling was conducted in Kematen in Tirol, Austria, where spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown in six fields that have had organic management for the past ten years, three in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Each field was split in half, one side being fertilized with manure and the other remaining unfertilized, as a negative control. The manure treatment was independently applied by each field’s respective owner, at a standard rate of 1.5 metric tons (1 500kg) per hectare, using manure spreaders, after tilling and pressing the soil. Four 5x5m plots per treatment were delimited, to carry out all sampling. These plots had no barriers or fences surrounding them that would impede or limit movement between the inside of the plots and the rest of the field area. Additionally, the plots were at least 5m from the field edge, to avoid edge effects. They were at least 10m way from each other along the field’s width, and between 15 to 20m along the length of the field. To avoid any spillover of treatment effects, plots were set at least 25m away from the border between the two treatments within the same field.
Sampling was conducted every two weeks, with one week of sampling and one of rest. The sampling period started on the 21st of April and ended on the 14th of July in 2020, while it started on the 3rd of May and ended on the 16th of July in 2021, to encompass almost the entire crop season. This resulted in seven sampling time points for the first year and six for the second.
Wet pitfall traps, with a teaspoon of salt (5-6g) and a drop of detergent (approx. 1ml) per litre of water, remained active for four days to sample the soil surface dwelling community. A total of 168 wet pitfall trap samples were obtained in 2020 (4 sampling plots x 2 treatments x 3 fields x 7 sampling sessions) and 144 for 2021 (4 x 2 x 3 x 6 sampling sessions), from which Shannon-Weaver’s diversity was calculated for the predator and prey communities.

本研究采样工作于奥地利蒂罗尔州克马滕（Kematen in Tirol）开展，试验田为连续10年采用有机种植管理的6块春大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）田，其中2020年与2021年各设置3块。每块试验田均对半划分，一侧施加粪肥作为施肥处理组，另一侧不施肥作为阴性对照组。粪肥处理由各田块的种植者独立完成，采用撒肥机（manure spreaders）在土壤翻耕镇压后施加，标准施用量为每公顷1.5公吨（即1500千克）。每个处理组设置4个5m×5m的样地以完成全部采样工作，样地四周未设置任何阻碍或限制样地内外区域移动的围栏。此外，样地与田边的距离至少为5m，以避免边缘效应；样地沿田块宽度方向的间距不小于10m，沿田块长度方向的间距为15~20m；同一田块内两个处理区间的样地间距至少为25m，以避免处理效应的溢出干扰。
采样工作每两周开展一次，采用采样1周、休息1周的周期。2020年采样期为4月21日至7月14日，2021年为5月3日至7月16日，覆盖了几乎完整的作物生长季。据此，2020年共设7个采样时间点，2021年设6个采样时间点。
本研究采用湿陷阱法采集地表栖居群落，每升采集用水中加入1茶匙（5~6g）食盐与1滴（约1ml）洗涤剂，陷阱放置时长为4天。2020年共获取168份湿陷阱样品（4个样地×2个处理组×3块田×7次采样），2021年共获取144份湿陷阱样品（4×2×3×6次采样），并据此计算捕食者与猎物群落的香农-威纳（Shannon-Weaver）多样性指数。