Transatlantic Trends 2004

Attitudes towards the Arab/Israeli conflict, economic policy, the
European Union, immigration, international relations, the Iraq war,
military interventions, national security, NATO, nuclear weapons, the
use of political power, terrorism, and the United Nations.

Topics: support for an active role of own country in international
politics; attitude towards strong leadership in world affairs by the
USA; personal preference for superpower status of the European Union
and/or the USA; against superpower status for the European Union
because of higher military spending; support for a political
strengthening of the European Union to better compete with the USA or
to better cooperate with the USA; assessment of own country´s amount of
military expenditure; assessment of potential international threats to
Europe/the USA: Islamic fundamentalism, large numbers of immigrants and
refugees, international terrorism, the military conflict between Israel
and its Arab neighbors, the global spread of AIDS (HIV), a major
economic downturn, a terrorist attack on own country using weapons of
mass destruction; attitude towards the United Nations in general;
100-point sympathy temperature scale for the USA, Russia, Israel, the
European Union, the Palestinians, North Korea, Turkey, China, Iran,
Saudi Arabia, France, and Germany; assessment of the George W. Bush
administration´s handling of foreign policy; European Union and USA
have enough common values to cooperate; European Union or the USA more
important for vital interests of own country; assessment of the
development of transatlantic relations in recent years; support for
closer partnership between the European Union and the USA in general
(split A) and especially considering the developments in Iraq (split
B); opinion on NATO´s importance for own country´s security; attitude
towards the use of own country´s military to prevent an imminent
terrorist attack, to provide humanitarian assistance to victims of war,
to stop civil wars, to ensure the supply of oil, for peacekeeping
missions, to remove governments that abuse human rights, to prevent
nuclear proliferation, and to defend a NATO ally under attack;
assessment of costs in lives and money for Iraq war (split A) and
especially considering the liberation of the Iraqi people (split B);
attitude towards presence of own country´s troops in Iraq (except
France, Germany, Spain, Turkey); attitude towards decision not to send
troops to Iraq (only France, Germany, Turkey); attitude towards
decision to remove troops from Iraq (only Spain); attitude towards own
country´s troops in Iraq if supported by United Nations mandate (split
A) or if led by the USA under United Nations mandate (split B);
assessment of Iraq war´s influence on the threat of international
terrorism; attitude towards the need to ensure support for military
action similar to Iraq war by the United Nations (split A), by the
European Union (split B) or by the most important European allies
(split C); attitude towards European Union membership of Turkey; main
reasons for rejecting/supporting Turkish EU membership; support for
military action to prevent an imminent terror attack if sanctioned by
the United Nations (split A), NATO (split B), the most important
European allies (split C); support for military action to end a civil
war in Africa if sanctioned by the United Nations (split A), NATO
(split B), the most important European allies (split C); support for
military action without mandate by the United Nations (split A), NATO
(split B), the most important European allies (split C); economic
strength more important than military strength in world affairs;
attitude towards the necessity of war to fight injustice; attitude
towards ignoring the United Nations if vital interests of country are
concerned; military strength is best way to secure peace; importance of
cooperating with allies on national security issues; need for Europe to
strengthen military to reduce dependence on USA; regarding global
issues USA does not need European support; combating terrorism
militarily is best; raising living standards in foreign countries is
best way to combat terrorism; political affiliation (USA only).

Demography: sex; age; highest level of education received; age when
finished full-time education; current occupation; voting intention
(Sonntagsfrage); most important political issues in decision to vote;
self-placement on a left-right continuum, size of household; ethnic
background (US only).
Additional variables: country, region, degree of urbanity.

Weights: redressment weight for age, gender and education (USA: race
not considered); redressment weight for age, gender and education (USA:
race considered); population weight for all European countries;
population weight for European countries except Slovakia, Turkey and
Spain; population weight for European countries except Turkey.

对阿以冲突、经济政策、欧盟（European Union）、移民、国际关系、伊拉克战争、军事干预、国家安全、北约（NATO）、核武器、政治权力运用、恐怖主义及联合国（United Nations）的态度。

主题：支持本国在国际政治中扮演积极角色；对美国在全球事务中发挥强势领导作用的态度；对欧盟（European Union）和/或美国拥有超级大国地位的个人偏好；因军费开支增加而反对欧盟（European Union）获得超级大国地位；支持强化欧盟（European Union）政治地位以更好地与美国竞争或合作；对本国军费开支规模的评价；对欧洲/美国面临的潜在国际威胁的评估：伊斯兰原教旨主义（Islamic fundamentalism）、大量移民及难民、国际恐怖主义、以色列与其阿拉伯邻国的军事冲突、艾滋病（HIV）全球传播、严重经济衰退、本国遭受大规模杀伤性武器（weapons of mass destruction）恐怖袭击；对联合国（United Nations）的总体态度；针对美国、俄罗斯、以色列、欧盟（European Union）、巴勒斯坦、朝鲜、土耳其、中国、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、法国及德国的100分量表好感度测评；对乔治·W·布什政府外交政策处理方式的评价；欧盟（European Union）与美国拥有足够共同价值观以开展合作；欧盟（European Union）或美国对本国核心利益更为重要；对近年跨大西洋关系发展的评价；总体上支持欧盟（European Union）与美国建立更紧密伙伴关系（分题A），尤其考虑到伊拉克局势发展时的态度（分题B）；对北约（NATO）之于本国安全重要性的看法；对本国军队用于以下目的的态度：预防迫在眉睫的恐怖袭击、为战争受害者提供人道主义援助、制止内战、确保石油供应、执行维和任务、推翻侵犯人权的政府、防止核扩散，以及保卫遭受攻击的北约（NATO）盟友；对伊拉克战争的生命与经济成本的评价（分题A），尤其考虑到伊拉克人民解放因素时的评价（分题B）；对本国军队驻留伊拉克的态度（法国、德国、西班牙、土耳其除外）；对不向伊拉克派兵这一决定的态度（仅限法国、德国、土耳其）；对从伊拉克撤军决定的态度（仅限西班牙）；若获得联合国（United Nations）授权（分题A）或在美国主导且获联合国（United Nations）授权（分题B）的情况下，对本国军队驻留伊拉克的态度；对伊拉克战争之于国际恐怖主义威胁影响的评价；对类似伊拉克战争的军事行动需获得联合国（United Nations）支持（分题A）、欧盟（European Union）支持（分题B）或主要欧洲盟友支持（分题C）这一必要性的态度；对土耳其加入欧盟（European Union）的态度；反对/支持土耳其加入欧盟（European Union）的主要原因；若获联合国（United Nations）批准（分题A）、北约（NATO）批准（分题B）或主要欧洲盟友批准（分题C），对采取军事行动预防迫在眉睫恐怖袭击的支持度；若获联合国（United Nations）批准（分题A）、北约（NATO）批准（分题B）或主要欧洲盟友批准（分题C），对采取军事行动结束非洲内战的支持度；在未获联合国（United Nations）授权（分题A）、北约（NATO）授权（分题B）或主要欧洲盟友授权（分题C）的情况下，对采取军事行动的支持度；在全球事务中，经济实力比军事实力更重要；对通过战争对抗不公这一必要性的态度；若涉及本国核心利益时，对无视联合国（United Nations）的态度；军事实力是保障和平的最佳方式；在国家安全问题上与盟友合作的重要性；欧洲需强化军事力量以减少对美国的依赖；在全球问题上，美国无需欧洲支持；军事手段是打击恐怖主义的最佳方式；提高外国生活水平是打击恐怖主义的最佳方式；政治派别（仅限美国）。

人口统计学变量：性别；年龄；最高受教育程度；完成全日制教育的年龄；当前职业；投票意向（Sonntagsfrage，周日选举意向调查）；投票决策中最重要的政治议题；在左右政治光谱上的自我定位；家庭规模；种族背景（仅限美国）。

附加变量：国家、地区、城市化程度。

权重：调整权重（基于年龄、性别及教育水平，美国不考虑种族）；调整权重（基于年龄、性别及教育水平，美国考虑种族）；所有欧洲国家的人口权重；除斯洛伐克、土耳其及西班牙外欧洲国家的人口权重；除土耳其外欧洲国家的人口权重。