Consumer profile and problems associated with uninspected raw milk consumption in western Paraná

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to analyze consumer profile; to identify the main reasons for raw milk consumption; and to analyze in laboratory samples of uninspected raw milk from five towns in the western region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The types of milk most frequently consumed were: 42.3% ultra-high temperature (UHT), 38.3% pasteurized milk, 17.6% uninspected raw milk, and 1.7% powered milk. The frequencies of households that preferred uninspected raw milk were, according to the town, 32.7% in Iporã, 29.2% in Marechal Cândido Rondon, 18.9% in Assis Chateaubriand, 17.6% in Palotina, and 10% in Toledo. Flavor was the main reason for uninspected raw milk consumption, and the purchase of this product was more frequent in households whose income was between one to four minimum wages. It was observed that the sales of uninspected milk are more financially advantageous to the producer than sales of inspected milk. All samples analyzed showed lack of compliance with at least one parameter, 60.9% for mesophilic counts, 56.6% for non-fat dry matter, 52.1% for freezing point, 43.5% for acidity, 23.9% for density, 23.9% for the casein macropeptide, 17.4% for fat content, 8.7% were reactors in the milk ring test, and 2.2% were reactors in microbial growth inhibitor test. Fraud by addition of water was observed in 20% of the samples. Uninspected raw milk analyzed in this study involved a low-quality product that is a financial hazard as it may be adulterated, and that poses risk to consumer health.

摘要：本研究旨在完成三项任务：一是分析消费者画像，二是明确生鲜乳（raw milk）消费的主要动因，三是对巴西巴拉那州西部五个城镇的未检疫生鲜乳实验室样本开展检测分析。本次研究涉及的常消费乳类品类及占比分别为：超高温灭菌乳（ultra-high temperature, UHT）42.3%、巴氏杀菌乳38.3%、未检疫生鲜乳17.6%、乳粉1.7%。按城镇划分，偏好未检疫生鲜乳的家庭占比分别为：伊波拉（Iporã）32.7%、马雷夏尔·坎迪多·隆东（Marechal Cândido Rondon）29.2%、阿西斯·沙托布里安（Assis Chateaubriand）18.9%、帕洛蒂纳（Palotina）17.6%、托莱多（Toledo）10%。风味是消费者选择未检疫生鲜乳的首要动因，且该产品的购买行为在月收入为1至4倍最低工资标准的家庭中更为普遍。研究发现，相较于检疫合格生鲜乳，销售未检疫生鲜乳可为生产商带来更高的经济效益。所有受检样本均至少有一项指标不符合标准：嗜温菌菌落总数不合格率为60.9%，非脂干物质不合格率为56.6%，冰点不合格率为52.1%，酸度不合格率为43.5%，密度不合格率为23.9%，酪蛋白大肽（casein macropeptide）不合格率为23.9%，脂肪含量不合格率为17.4%；8.7%的样本在乳环状试验（milk ring test）中呈阳性，2.2%的样本在微生物生长抑制剂试验（microbial growth inhibitor test）中呈阳性。20%的样本被检出存在加水掺假行为。本研究检测的未检疫生鲜乳属于低品质产品，不仅存在掺假风险并带来经济隐患，还会对消费者健康构成威胁。