国家防灾减灾救灾委员会办公室 应急管理部发布2024年5月全国自然灾害情况

国家防灾减灾救灾委员会办公室 应急管理部 发布2024年5月全国自然灾害情况 近日，国家防灾减灾救灾委员会办公室会同有关成员单位对2024年5月全国自然灾害情况进行了会商核定。5月份，我国自然灾害以洪涝、风雹、干旱灾害为主，低温冷冻和雪灾、沙尘暴、地震、地质灾害和森林草原火灾等也有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成全国446万人次不同程度受灾，因灾死亡失踪23人，紧急转移安置0.8万人次；倒塌房屋近300间，损坏房屋1.2万间；农作物受灾面积324.9千公顷；直接经济损失31.7亿元。 5月份全国自然灾害主要特点有： 一、南方局地降雨强度大，广东、广西等地遭受洪涝灾害影响 5月份，全国面平均降水量66.1毫米，较常年同期略偏少，发生5次大范围强降雨天气过程，主要影响江南、华南、西南等地，广东、广西局地降雨量突破同期历史极值，广东珠海、广西南宁等地突发山洪和城镇内涝。全国15省（区、市）80条河流发生超警以上洪水，其中8条超保证水位、5条发生有实测资料以来最大洪水。5月份，洪涝灾害共造成17省（区、市）91.1万人不同程度受灾，因灾死亡失踪3人，倒塌房屋近300间，损坏房屋近5100间，直接经济损失12亿元。5月份，全国地质灾害以崩塌、滑坡为主，主要发生在中南、华东和西南等地。此外，广东梅大高速茶阳路段塌方灾害正在调查中。 二、风雹灾害点多面广，沙尘天气过程影响西北地区 5月份，全国出现3次大范围强对流天气过程，华北、华南、西南、西北等地发生大风、雷电、冰雹等灾害性天气。5月中下旬，河南新乡、安阳等地突发大风天气，造成局地小麦出现点片倒伏。5月27日，西藏那曲4人采挖虫草时遭遇雷击，造成3人死亡、1人受伤。5月份，风雹灾害共造成河南、云南、西藏、甘肃等19省（区、市）88.2万人不同程度受灾，因灾死亡13人，损坏房屋近7100间，农作物受灾面积144.9千公顷，直接经济损失10.3亿元。此外，5月份有2次沙尘天气过程影响我国西北地区，造成新疆、甘肃28.3万人不同程度受灾，农作物受灾面积31千公顷，直接经济损失2亿元。 三、西南地区旱情明显缓解，森林草原火灾形势平稳 今年以来，我国西南地区发生阶段性旱情，西北部分地区出现旱情。进入5月份后，西南、西北地区出现降雨过程，旱情有较大程度缓解，黄淮、江淮等地气象干旱露头，当前全国大部地区墒情总体适宜。干旱灾害共造成云南、四川等地236.1万人不同程度受灾，因旱需生活救助19.4万人，农作物受灾面积100.9千公顷，直接经济损失7.1亿元。另据初步统计，5月份全国共发生森林火灾14起，其中内蒙古5起，山西4起；内蒙古发生草原火灾2起。 四、低温冷冻和雪灾影响局地，新疆、四川相继发生5级左右地震 5月份，有5次冷空气过程影响我国，主要影响东北、华北和新疆、内蒙古等地，造成局地农作物受灾，直接经济损失1000余万元。5月15日，西藏林芝发生一起雪崩灾害，造成1人死亡。5月份，我国大陆地区共发生4.0级以上地震10次，其中5.0级以上地震2次，分别为5月20日新疆阿图什5.2级地震和5月27日四川木里5.0级地震，均未造成人员伤亡和较大财产损失。

National Office for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief, Ministry of Emergency Management released the national natural disaster situation in May 2024.
Recently, the National Office for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief, together with relevant member units, conducted consultation and verification of the national natural disaster situation in May 2024. In May, the main natural disasters in China were floods, wind and hail disasters and droughts, while low-temperature freezing and snow disasters, sandstorms, earthquakes, geological disasters and forest and grassland fires also occurred to varying degrees. A total of 4.46 million people across the country were affected by various natural disasters to varying degrees, with 23 deaths and missing persons due to disasters, and 8,000 people were urgently transferred and resettled; nearly 300 houses collapsed, 12,000 houses were damaged; the crop-affected area was 324.9 thousand hectares; the direct economic loss was 3.17 billion yuan.

Main characteristics of national natural disasters in May:
1. Localized heavy rainfall in southern China, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions hit by floods
In May, the national area-averaged precipitation was 66.1 mm, slightly less than the same period in normal years. Five large-scale heavy rainfall events occurred, mainly affecting the southern Yangtze River region, South China, Southwest China and other areas. Local rainfall in Guangdong and Guangxi broke the historical extreme value of the same period, and sudden mountain torrents and urban waterlogging occurred in Zhuhai, Guangdong and Nanning, Guangxi. A total of 80 rivers in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) experienced floods above warning levels, including 8 rivers exceeding guaranteed water levels and 5 rivers hitting their highest flood levels since the availability of measured data. In May, flood disasters affected 911,000 people in 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to varying degrees, resulting in 3 deaths and missing persons due to disasters, nearly 300 collapsed houses, nearly 5,100 damaged houses, and a direct economic loss of 1.2 billion yuan. In May, national geological disasters were mainly collapses and landslides, mainly occurring in Central South, East and Southwest China. In addition, the collapse accident at the Chayang section of Meizhou-Dabu Expressway in Guangdong is under investigation.

2. Widely distributed wind and hail disasters, sandstorm weather processes affecting Northwest China
In May, three large-scale severe convective weather events occurred across the country, with damaging weather such as strong winds, lightning and hail hitting North China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China. In mid-to-late May, sudden strong winds occurred in Xinxiang, Anyang and other places in Henan Province, causing scattered lodging of local wheat. On May 27, four people picking cordyceps in Naqu, Tibet Autonomous Region were struck by lightning, resulting in 3 deaths and 1 injury. In May, wind and hail disasters affected 882,000 people in 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) including Henan, Yunnan, Tibet and Gansu to varying degrees, resulting in 13 deaths, nearly 7,100 damaged houses, a crop-affected area of 144.9 thousand hectares, and a direct economic loss of 1.03 billion yuan. In addition, two sandstorm weather processes affected Northwest China in May, affecting 283,000 people in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Gansu Province to varying degrees, with a crop-affected area of 31 thousand hectares and a direct economic loss of 200 million yuan.

3. Drought in Southwest China significantly alleviated, forest and grassland fire situation stable
Since the beginning of this year, periodic droughts have occurred in Southwest China, and some areas in Northwest China have also experienced droughts. After entering May, rainfall processes occurred in Southwest and Northwest China, greatly alleviating the drought. Meteorological droughts emerged in the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtze-Huai River regions, and the soil moisture condition in most parts of the country is generally suitable at present. Drought disasters affected 2.361 million people in Yunnan, Sichuan and other regions to varying degrees, with 194,000 people in need of living assistance due to drought, a crop-affected area of 100.9 thousand hectares, and a direct economic loss of 710 million yuan. In addition, according to preliminary statistics, a total of 14 forest fires occurred across the country in May, including 5 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 4 in Shanxi Province; 2 grassland fires also occurred in Inner Mongolia.

4. Local impacts from low-temperature freezing and snow disasters, earthquakes of magnitude around 5 occurred successively in Xinjiang and Sichuan
In May, five cold air processes affected China, mainly targeting Northeast China, North China, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, causing localized crop damage and a direct economic loss of more than 10 million yuan. On May 15, an avalanche disaster occurred in Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, resulting in 1 death. In May, a total of 10 earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and above occurred in mainland China, including 2 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 and above: the M5.2 earthquake in Artux, Xinjiang on May 20 and the M5.0 earthquake in Muli, Sichuan on May 27, neither of which caused casualties or major property losses.