A potential evolutionary trap for the extended phenotype of a nematomorph parasite

Human activities introduce new environmental cues to wild organisms, leading to maladaptive behavioural and life-history decisions known as the ‘evolutionary trap’. This trap is thought to be a major conservation concern for free-living organisms. However, it has never been studied in endosymbionts, one of the most successful and diverse life forms on Earth. Here, we examine this trap in the extended phenotype of a parasite that exploits the visual system of hosts to alter host behaviour for its benefit. Arboreal mantids infected by nematomorph parasites are drawn to horizontally polarized light, thereby inducing them to enter the water. In this study, we found that the degree of linear polarisation (DOP) of reflected light served as a reliable environmental cue for identifying perennial waters, where nematomorphs can survive in their aquatic life stage without drying out. Infected mantids exhibit attraction to horizontally polarized light with higher DOP in behavioural assays and jump ..., Study animals were collected in nature. Polarized light reflected from water bodies and asphalt roads was measured in natural environments. Behavioral data were collected in both laboratory and field experiments. , , # A potential evolutionary trap for the extended phenotype of a nematomorph parasite

**Description of the data**

The dataset consists of the data_deposited.xlsx data file, which includes the following sheets.

#### Data S1: Characteristics of light measured in the study fields

no: Column number
date:  Year/Month/Date
time: Time of day
type: Habitat type
type2: perennial or intermittent or asphalt
water_die: perennial = 1,intermittent or asphalt = 0
depth:Water depth (cm); When the measured habitat type is asphalt, the column is expressed as 0.
degree_mean:Mean degree of linear polarization (%) calculated at image sizes of 300x300, 400x400 and 500x500 pixels.
intensity_reflect: Illuminance (lux) of reflected light from an object
intensity_sky:Illuminance (lux) of direct sunlight
intensity_relative:Relative intensity of light calculated as follows: intensity_reflect/intensity_sky

#### Data S2: Two-choice test in a laboratory

no: Column number
date: Year,Month,Date
year :Year
time: Ti...,

人类活动为野生生物引入了新的环境线索，进而引发适应不良的行为与生活史决策，这类现象被称为“进化陷阱（evolutionary trap）”。该陷阱被认为是威胁自由生活生物的主要保护生物学问题之一，但此前从未在内共生体（endosymbionts）——地球上最成功且多样性最丰富的生命形式之一——中开展过相关研究。本研究针对一种利用宿主视觉系统改变宿主行为以实现自身利益的寄生虫的扩展表型（extended phenotype），对该进化陷阱展开了探究。

被线形动物门（nematomorph）寄生虫感染的树栖螳螂会被水平偏振光吸引，进而诱使其进入水体。本研究发现，反射光的线偏振度（degree of linear polarisation, DOP）可作为识别永久性水体的可靠环境线索，而线形动物在其水生生活史阶段可在永久性水体中存活且不会干涸。行为实验结果显示，感染的螳螂会对具有高线偏振度的水平偏振光产生偏好性，并出现跳跃行为……

研究动物采自野外。研究人员在自然环境中测量了水体与沥青路面反射的偏振光。行为学数据同时通过实验室与野外实验采集。

# 针对线形动物寄生虫扩展表型的潜在进化陷阱

**数据集说明**
本数据集包含data_deposited.xlsx数据文件，内含如下工作表：
#### 数据S1：研究样地的光环境测量参数
no：列序号
date：年/月/日
time：当日时刻
type：生境类型
type2：永久性、间歇性水体或沥青路面
water_die：永久性水体赋值为1，间歇性水体或沥青路面赋值为0
depth：水深（cm）；当测量生境类型为沥青路面时，该列数值为0
degree_mean：以300×300、400×400及500×500像素的图像尺寸计算得到的平均线偏振度（%）
intensity_reflect：物体反射光的照度（勒克斯，lux）
intensity_sky：直射阳光的照度（勒克斯，lux）
intensity_relative：相对光强，计算公式为intensity_reflect/intensity_sky

#### 数据S2：实验室双选择实验
no：列序号
date：年,月,日
year：年份
time: Ti...,