FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS ATTRIBUTE FACTORS IN THE YUNMENG MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST PARK IN BEIJING, CHINA

ABSTRACT The interaction of diversity with environmental gradients is an important topic in ecology. This study investigated the pattern of change in functional diversity in forest communities along an altitudinal gradient in Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park, China. Forty-two quadrats measuring 10 x 10 m in the forest communities were set up along this altitudinal gradient; plant species, traits and environmental variables were measured and recorded. Six functional diversity indices, namely, Modified functional attribute diversity (MFAD), Functional diversity plot-based dendrogram index (FDp), Functional diversity community-based dendrogram index (FDc), Functional evenness (FEve), Functional divergence (FDiv) and Functional dispersion (FDis), were used to calculate functional diversity. The results showed that functional diversity varied greatly in forest communities in the Yunmeng Mountain Forest Park. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with elevation and slope position and somewhat correlated with soil depth. Functional diversity increased with an increase in the elevation and decreased as the slope position changed from valley bottom to hill ridge. Functional diversity was closely related to species richness. The six functional diversity indices were all applicable to functional diversity studies of forest communities.

摘要 生物多样性与环境梯度的交互作用是生态学领域的重要研究议题。本研究以中国云梦山国家森林公园的森林群落为研究对象，探究其功能多样性沿海拔梯度的变化格局。沿该海拔梯度共设置42个面积为10×10米的森林群落样方，对植物物种、功能性状及环境变量进行测定与记录。本研究采用6种功能多样性指数开展功能多样性计算，分别为修正功能属性多样性（Modified functional attribute diversity, MFAD）、基于样方树状图的功能多样性指数（Functional diversity plot-based dendrogram index, FDp）、基于群落树状图的功能多样性指数（Functional diversity community-based dendrogram index, FDc）、功能均匀度（Functional evenness, FEve）、功能分歧度（Functional divergence, FDiv）以及功能离散度（Functional dispersion, FDis）。研究结果表明，云梦山国家森林公园森林群落的功能多样性存在显著空间异质性；功能多样性与海拔、坡位呈显著相关关系，与土壤深度亦存在一定关联；功能多样性随海拔升高而上升，从谷底到山脊随坡位升高呈现下降趋势；功能多样性与物种丰富度密切相关。本次研究所采用的6种功能多样性指数均适用于森林群落的功能多样性研究。