Labour Force Survey 1996

Labour Force Survey 1996 - merged year file. As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level. Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development. In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics. In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned. From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987. ------------------------------------------------------------- Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. SSB also started up an escalation scheme to increase the sample size. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number. In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new occupational classification (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification. As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the mentioned areas.

1996年劳动力调查——合并年度文件。

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计局（SSB）开始开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。这些调查旨在为劳动力管理部门（及其他相关人士）提供关于人口职业结构及其随时间演变的信息，同时为职业预测和劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计资料。

AKU的样本自1992年起具有县级代表性；1972-1991年期间，则具有县对级代表性。最初，AKU受访者会在一年内连续两个季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行另外两个季度的访谈。截至1988年，每个季度的样本量约为10000至11000名受访者。

最初，AKU旨在作为基于社会保障成员指数文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。然而，自1971年1月1日起，疾病津贴被纳入国家保险体系后，基于社会保障的统计数据不复存在，AKU随后逐渐发展成为了解劳动力市场状况及其演变的最重要信息来源。

1975年，挪威统计局改变了调查研究的抽样框架，详见Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的第37号文章：《Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser》（挪威统计局调查研究办公室随机样本使用指南），以及Ib Thomsen撰写的SØS 33号文件：《Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse》（挪威统计局样本研究的原则与方法）。同时，全国数据的推算方法（inflation to national numbers）被修改，因此自1975年起可获得各地区的合理数据。

1975年的变革导致群体访谈方式发生改变，这尤其打破了AKU的面板调查体系。

1976年的AKU调查采用了略有修改的问卷，同时恢复了最初的6季度轮换方案。新问卷能更好地识别家庭工人和临时无薪工作者，因此新增3万至3.5万人被界定为就业人口。‘无收入求职者’群体也扩大至包括非自愿休假人员；原问卷中关于就业不足和‘过度就业’的问题被取消。

自1987年第一季度起，推算方法略有修改，就业定义也进行了小幅调整。为确保数据与以往调查具有可比性，重新编制了1980-1986年AKU文件的新版本。因此，1980-1987年的文件存在两个版本——分别采用旧推算方法和新推算方法。‘旧版’数据与1972-1987年期间发布的原始数据可比，而‘新版’数据则与1987年后发布的数据可比。

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1988年第一至第二季度期间，AKU文件描述发生变化，‘劳动力市场状态’变量采用了新编码。此外，数据收集方式也进行了调整——从每季度特定一周访谈改为每周持续访谈。挪威统计局还启动了样本量递增计划，这影响了权重计算，自1988年第二季度起，权重每月重新计算一次。为使季度或年度文件与全国总数平衡，月度权重需除以3（季度）或12（年度）以得到正确总数。

1996年，AKU进行了重大修订：包括问卷、文件描述以及行业和职业编码标准。数据收集方式也改为计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）。采用了新的行业分类（NOS C 182，基于欧盟标准NACE修订版1），该标准于2002年和2007年更新。此外，基于ISCO 88的新职业分类（STYRK）自1996年起开始使用。社会经济地位变量被删除，因为新职业分类中未设置类似变量。

自2006年1月起，AKU引入了一些重大变化，以增强与其他国家同类调查的可比性。这些变化包括失业定义的小幅调整、问卷的调整与扩充，以及年龄定义的改变（以参考时点年龄代替年末年龄）。同时，AKU的最低纳入年龄从16岁降至15岁，这导致上述领域的时间序列出现中断。