FROM FAME TO OSTRACISM: EIGHT REAGENTS THAT LEFT THE LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT

Historical aspects related to eight reagents that were present in analytical chemistry laboratories in the first decades of the twentieth century are described. They have peculiarities that are based on their curious names or the purposes for which they were intended. Their presence in the laboratory environment reflected their industrial applications and the chemical analysis procedures used at that time. From the mid XXth century, with the migration of qualitative analysis to the chemistry teaching, these reagents have been replaced by others that today serve the same purposes as those previously used. However, many of them still retain their industrial importance. This historical overview emphasizes the importance of the evolution of chemicals and chemical assays for security and efficiency reasons. Learning from past experiences develops a critical spirit and laboratory behavior more committed to occupational hygiene and safety, without losing sight the learning power that qualitative analytical chemistry offers.

本文阐述了20世纪头数十年间分析化学实验室中常用的八种试剂的历史相关内容。这些试剂各具独特之处，或源于其别具一格的命名，或与其最初的应用用途相关。它们在实验室中的使用情况，也反映出当时的工业应用场景与彼时所采用的化学分析流程。自20世纪中期起，随着定性分析逐步转向化学教学领域，这类试剂逐渐被其他试剂取代，如今这些替代试剂可实现与原试剂相同的应用功能。但其中多数试剂至今仍保有其工业应用价值。本次历史概述着重阐释了化学试剂与化学分析方法的演进在保障安全与提升效率层面的重要意义。从过往经验中汲取教训，有助于培养批判性思维，养成更贴合职业卫生与安全规范的实验室操作习惯，同时也不会忽视定性分析化学所具备的教学与学习价值。