Análise Fatorial do Sistema Agroindustrial do Biodiesel no Brasil e na União Europeia

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze comparatively the main factors involved in the coordination of the agro-industrial system of biodiesel (AIS of biodiesel) in Brazil and the European Union, from the perspective of the stakeholders of this system. For this, a questionnaire was developed and the comparison was done by factor analysis. The results showed that similar factors are related to taxation and international trade, labor unions and associations representing the biodiesel plants and diversification, acquisition of family farming/small producer and guaranteeing supply. The different factors are: (1) in Brazil: growth strategies, competitiveness of plants, differentiation of plants, incentives for biodiesel production, general policies on biofuels, biodiesel production technologies and specific national policies and (2) in the the European Union: differentiation in the production of biodiesel and support organizations. The results also showed the existence of a trade-off regarding to the technological advances on the AIS of biodiesel. If, on the one hand, the inclusion of family farmers and smallholders in the economy is one of the factors to be considered for the sustainability of the system, on the other hand, the development of this, seeking to resolve the conflict food versus biofuels, marginalizes these producers.

摘要：本文旨在从生物柴油农业工业系统（Agro-industrial system of biodiesel，简称AIS of biodiesel）利益相关者的视角，对比分析巴西与欧盟两地该系统协调运转的核心影响因素。为此，本研究设计了调查问卷，并通过因子分析完成对比研究。结果显示，两地共性影响因素涵盖税收与国际贸易、代表生物柴油生产企业的工会与行业协会、业务多元化、家庭农场/小型生产商收购以及供应保障。差异影响因素具体包括：（1）巴西：增长战略、生产企业竞争力、企业差异化定位、生物柴油生产激励政策、生物燃料总体政策、生物柴油生产技术以及专项国家政策；（2）欧盟：生物柴油生产差异化与扶持组织。研究同时发现，生物柴油农业工业系统的技术进步存在权衡取舍问题：一方面，将家庭农场主与小型农户纳入经济体系是保障该系统可持续性的核心考量因素之一；但另一方面，为解决粮食与生物燃料的冲突而推进系统发展，反而会边缘化这类群体。