Neonatal hearing screening of newborns of mothers with Diabetic Mellitus and/or hypertension in pregnancy: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the results of the Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS) in neonates whose mothers presented hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in their pregnancy. Methods: a systematic review of the literature, without restriction of year and language, guided by the PRISMA protocol, that was carried out through a search in the MEDLINE (PUBMED), LILACS (BVS), SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE databases, using neonatal screening AND hearing AND (hypertension OR diabetes mellitus) as descriptors. Studies that were duplicated or were unavailable were excluded. Results: 64 records were found, 5 being included for analysis. These articles had been published in the last 13 years, originated from different countries, and using a retrospective (cross-sectional, n=1, case-control, n=1) or prospective design (cross-sectional, n=1, case-control, n=1; cohort, n=1). The findings of the articles demonstrated differences regarding the presence of changes in the NHS outcomes of newborns whose mothers presented hypertension and/or diabetes during pregnancy. Conclusion: since the review showed contradictory results regarding changes in the NHS outcomes in the presence of mothers’ hypertension and/or diabetes during pregnancy, prospective cohort studies are needed, in different contexts, in order to isolate confounding factors for hearing loss and minimize measurement bias and selection.

摘要
目的：探讨母亲在妊娠期罹患高血压及/或糖尿病的新生儿的新生儿听力筛查（Neonatal Hearing Screening, NHS）结果。
方法：本研究遵循PRISMA指南开展无年份与语言限制的系统文献综述，通过检索MEDLINE（PUBMED）、LILACS（BVS）、SCOPUS、WEB OF SCIENCE及EMBASE数据库，以「新生儿筛查 AND 听力 AND（高血压 OR 糖尿病）」作为检索式。最终剔除重复文献与无法获取的文献。
结果：共检索到64条记录，最终纳入5篇文献进行分析。纳入文献均发表于近13年间，来自不同国家，研究设计涵盖回顾性设计（含横断面研究1项、病例对照研究1项）与前瞻性设计（含横断面研究1项、病例对照研究1项；队列研究1项）。各研究结果显示，母亲妊娠期合并高血压及/或糖尿病的新生儿，其新生儿听力筛查结果出现异常的情况存在差异。
结论：本综述显示，母亲妊娠期罹患高血压及/或糖尿病时，新生儿听力筛查结果是否异常的相关结论存在矛盾，因此需要在不同场景下开展前瞻性队列研究，以分离听力损失相关的混杂因素，并最大限度降低测量偏倚与选择偏倚。