Comparison of tooth movement and biological response resulting from different force magnitudes combined with osteoperforation in rabbits

Abstract Objective To compare tooth movement rate and histological responses with three different force magnitude designs under osteoperforation in rabbit models. Methodology 48 rabbits were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C, with traction force of 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, respectively. Osteoperforation was performed at the mesial of the right mandibular first premolar, the left side was not affected. One mini-screw was inserted into bones between two central incisors. Coil springs were fixed to the first premolars and the mini-screw. Tooth movement distance was calculated, and immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, OCN, VEGF, and TGF-β1 was analyzed. Results The tooth movement distance on the surgical side was larger than the control side in all groups (P<0.01). No significant intergroup difference was observed for the surgical side in tooth movement distance among the three groups (P>0.05). For the control side, tooth movement distance in Group A was significantly smaller than Groups B and C (P<0.001); no significant difference in tooth movement distance between Group B and Group C was observed (P>0.05). On the tension area of the moving premolar, labeling of PCNA, OCN, VEGF and TGF-β1 were confirmed in alveolar bone and periodontal ligament in all groups. PCNA, OCN, VEGF and TGF-β1 on the surgical side was larger than the control side in all groups (P<0.001). Conclusion Osteoperforation could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement rate in rabbits. Fast osteoperforation-assisted tooth movement in rabbits was achieve with light 50 g traction.

摘要 目的：比较兔模型在骨穿孔（osteoperforation）条件下，三种不同力值设计的正畸牙移动速率及组织学反应。
方法：将48只兔随机分为A、B、C三组，各组施加的牵引力分别为50 g、100 g、150 g。于右侧下颌第一前磨牙近中骨区行骨穿孔术，左侧作为对照侧不予处理。于两颗中切牙之间的骨组织内植入1枚微型骨螺钉（mini-screw），将螺旋弹簧连接于第一前磨牙与微型骨螺钉之间以施加牵引力。测量并计算牙移动距离，同时对增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen）、骨钙素（OCN, Osteocalcin）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor）及转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1, Transforming Growth Factor-β1）进行免疫组织化学染色分析。
结果：所有组的手术侧牙移动距离均大于对照侧（P<0.01）。三组手术侧的牙移动距离组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。对照侧中，A组牙移动距离显著小于B、C两组（P<0.001），而B组与C组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。在移动前磨牙的张力区域内，所有组的牙槽骨及牙周膜中均检测到PCNA、OCN、VEGF及TGF-β1的阳性标记。所有组手术侧的PCNA、OCN、VEGF及TGF-β1表达水平均高于对照侧（P<0.001）。
结论：骨穿孔术可加速兔正畸牙移动速率；施加50 g轻牵引力即可实现兔骨穿孔辅助的快速正畸牙移动。