Table_2_The muscle nutritional components analysis of golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) in different mariculture area, growth stages, and genders.XLS

Golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is an economically important fish which exhibits sexual size dimorphism and is widely cultivated in the southern seas of China. To evaluate the nutritional composition of T. blochii of different mariculture areas, growth stages, and genders, the moisture, ash, amino acids, and fatty acids in the muscle were measured using national standard biochemical assay. The analysis found 16 kinds of amino acids in the muscle of T. blochii. The EAA contents of fish from Guangdong (GD) and Guangxi (GX) were significantly lower than those of Hainan (HN) and Fujian (FJ) (p < 0.05). The unsaturated fatty acids were higher in T. blochii cultured in HN and FJ (p < 0.05). Within the same sea area, the contents of TAA, EAA, DAA, and PUFA increased with growth in T. blochii, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA conformed to the ideal FAO/WHO model. The AAS, CS, and EAAI scores of amino acids within groups gradually increased with growth. The TAA, EAA and PUFA contents in females were higher than in males (p > 0.05). The slightly higher amounts of amino acids and fatty acids in female T. blochii indicated females had higher nutritional value. In conclusion, the HN and FJ groups, the later growth stages, and the female T. blochii had generally higher nutritional values than their respective counterparts. These results provide fundamental data supporting all-female T. blochii breeding and culture, and optimized marketing body size.

金鲳（Trachinotus blochii）是一种具有性别体型二态性的重要经济鱼类，在中国南部海域广泛养殖。为评估不同养殖海区、生长阶段及性别下金鲳的营养组成，本研究采用国家标准生化检测方法，对其肌肉中的水分、灰分、氨基酸及脂肪酸进行了测定。检测分析显示，金鲳肌肉中共检出16种氨基酸。广东（GD）、广西（GX）样本的必需氨基酸（Essential Amino Acids, EAA）含量显著低于海南（HN）与福建（FJ）样本（p<0.05）。海南与福建养殖的金鲳不饱和脂肪酸含量更高（p<0.05）。在同一养殖海区内，金鲳肌肉中的总氨基酸（Total Amino Acids, TAA）、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸（Delicious Amino Acids, DAA）及多不饱和脂肪酸（Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, PUFA）含量随生长进程呈上升趋势，但差异均不显著（p>0.05）。必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值（EAA/TAA）及必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸（Non-essential Amino Acids, NEAA）比值均符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想模式。各组氨基酸的氨基酸评分（Amino Acid Score, AAS）、化学评分（Chemical Score, CS）及必需氨基酸指数（Essential Amino Acid Index, EAAI）均随生长逐渐升高。雌性金鲳的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸及多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于雄性，但差异不显著（p>0.05）。雌性金鲳的氨基酸与脂肪酸含量略高，表明其营养价值更高。综上，海南与福建养殖组、较晚的生长阶段以及雌性金鲳相较于各自对应的对照群体，总体营养价值更高。本研究结果为全雌金鲳的育种与养殖提供了基础数据支撑，并可为优化商品鱼上市规格提供参考。