DataSheet_1_Effects of plasma-derived exosomes from the normal and thin Bactrian camels on hepatocellular carcinoma and their differences at transcriptome and proteomics levels.zip

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant primary tumor. Bactrian camels have high economic and social values, but their potential medical value has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bactrian camel plasma-derived exosomes on HCC.
MethodsPlasma was obtained from thin and normal Bactrian camels, and used to isolate exosomes by ultracentrifugation. The exosomes were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Nano particle tracking analyzer. In vivo imaging of nude mice and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining of liver tissues were used to explore the effects of the exosomes on tumor growth. Finally, the differences of the two exosomes were further analyzed using small RNA sequencing and proteomics.
ResultsIn vivo imaging and HE staining showed that no significant differences were found in fluorescence value and liver tissue morphology between the control mice and the mice treated with the exosomes from thin Bactrian camels; while the fluorescence value and the live histology changes were alleviated in the mice with the exosomes from normal Bactrian camels. After sequencing and proteomic analysis, 40 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs, 15 down-regulated and 25 up-regulated) and 172 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 77 up-regulated and 95 down-regulated) were identified in the plasma-derived exosomes from normal Bactrian camels. These identified DE-miRNAs and DEPs were significantly enriched in many signaling pathways.
ConclusionsNormal Bactrian camel plasma-derived exosomes may inhibit the growth of HCC cells through regulating pathways of Ras, Ras-Association Proximate 1 (Rap1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and canonical Wnt signaling pathways.

研究背景 肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）是一种常见的恶性原发性肿瘤。双峰驼具有较高的经济与社会价值，但其潜在的医学价值尚未得到研究。本研究旨在探讨双峰驼血浆来源外泌体（exosomes）对肝细胞癌的作用效果。
研究方法 从体型偏瘦与健康正常的双峰驼体内采集血浆，通过超速离心法分离外泌体。随后采用透射电子显微镜（transmission electron microscopy）与纳米颗粒追踪分析仪（Nano particle tracking analyzer）对外泌体进行表征。通过裸鼠（nude mice）体内成像以及肝组织苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin eosin，HE）染色，探究外泌体对肿瘤生长的影响。最终，利用小RNA测序与蛋白质组学（proteomics）技术，进一步分析两类外泌体的差异。
研究结果 体内成像与HE染色结果显示，注射了瘦体型双峰驼来源外泌体的小鼠与对照组小鼠的荧光值及肝组织形态均无显著差异；而注射了健康正常双峰驼来源外泌体的小鼠，其荧光值与肝脏组织病理学改变均得到缓解。经测序与蛋白质组学分析后，在健康正常双峰驼的血浆来源外泌体中，共鉴定出40个差异表达miRNA（differentially expressed miRNAs，DE-miRNAs，其中15个下调、25个上调）以及172个差异表达蛋白（differentially expressed proteins，DEPs，其中77个上调、95个下调）。上述鉴定出的差异表达miRNA与差异表达蛋白显著富集于多条信号通路。
研究结论 健康正常双峰驼的血浆来源外泌体可能通过调控Ras、Ras相关邻近蛋白1（Ras-Association Proximate 1，Rap1）、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B（phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B，PI3K-Akt）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase，AMPK）以及经典Wnt信号通路，抑制肝细胞癌细胞的生长。