Data_Sheet_1_Effects of exogenous selenium application on nutritional quality and metabolomic characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).ZIP

Selenium (Se) biofortification is an important strategy for reducing hidden hunger by increasing the nutritional quality of crops. However, there is limited metabolomic information on the nutritional quality of Se-enriched mung beans. In this study, physiological assays and LC–MS/MS based widely targeted metabolomics approach was employed to reveal the Se biofortification potential of mung bean by evaluating the effect of Se on mung bean nutraceutical compounds and their qualitative parameters. Physiological data showed that foliar application of 30 g ha−1 Se at key growth stages significantly increased the content of Se, protein, fat, total phenols, and total flavonoids content in two mung bean varieties. Widely targeted metabolomics identified 1,080 metabolites, among which L-Alanyl-L-leucine, 9,10-Dihydroxy-12,13-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, and 1-caffeoylquinic acid could serve as biomarkers for identifying highly nutritious mung bean varieties. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of different metabolites were different in the Se-enriched mung bean. Specifically, P1 was mainly enriched in the linoleic acid metabolic pathway, while P2 was mainly enriched in the phosphonate and phosphinate metabolic pathways. Overall, these results revealed the specific Se enrichment mechanism of different mung bean varieties. This study provides new insights into the comprehensive improvement of the nutritional quality of mung beans.

硒（Selenium, Se）生物强化是通过提升作物营养品质以缓解隐性饥饿的重要策略。然而，当前关于富硒绿豆营养品质的代谢组学信息仍较为匮乏。本研究采用生理学测定方法与基于液相色谱-串联质谱（LC–MS/MS）的广泛靶向代谢组学技术，通过探究硒对绿豆营养保健成分及其品质参数的影响，揭示绿豆的硒生物强化潜力。生理学测定结果显示，在关键生育期叶面喷施30 g·ha⁻¹的硒，可显著提升两个绿豆品种中的硒、蛋白质、脂肪、总酚与总黄酮含量。广泛靶向代谢组学共鉴定出1080种代谢物，其中L-丙氨酰-L-亮氨酸、9,10-二羟基-12,13-环氧十八烷酸与1-咖啡酰奎宁酸可作为鉴定高营养品质绿豆品种的生物标志物。通路富集分析表明，富硒绿豆中不同代谢物的富集通路存在差异：P1主要富集于亚油酸代谢通路，而P2则主要富集于膦酸酯与次膦酸酯代谢通路。综上，本研究阐明了不同绿豆品种的特异性硒富集机制，为全面改良绿豆营养品质提供了新的研究视角。