Daily Rainfall Observations from 460 Stations and Flash Flood Event Records across West Java, Indonesia (2020–2025)

This repository provides a harmonized, station-level daily rainfall dataset and a verified flood event catalog covering the entire province of West Java, Indonesia, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Daily rainfall observations were compiled from 460 stations operated by BMKG (synoptic, climatological, and rainfall stations), as well as collaborative networks (BBWS, Pos Hujan Kerjasama). All stations were geolocated using WGS84 coordinates and aligned to the BPS 2023 administrative gazetteer.
The flood event catalogue (n = 4,231 events) was assembled from the National Disaster Data and Information (DIBI-BNPB) database and BPBD West Java reports, deduplicated, and cross-validated against media records. A consensus table (n = 3,514 events) links each flood event to the nearest rainfall observation within 25 km and ±1 day, enabling direct event–rainfall analysis.
Data have been processed through a four-stage WMO-compliant quality control workflow (format harmonization, range checks, temporal consistency, and spatial consistency). Stations with more than 30% missing daily values are flagged but retained; the published rainfall matrix is left unimputed to preserve raw observational integrity, while the consensus table uses Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW, power = 2) for short gaps (≤2 days).
The dataset supports benchmarking of satellite (GSMaP, IMERG) and reanalysis (ERA5, MERRA-2) precipitation products, hydrological modeling, flood-risk assessment, and training of machine-learning forecasting models (e.g., XGBoost, LSTM) over a densely populated tropical region.

本仓库提供了经过统一标准化处理的印尼西爪哇全省台站级逐日降水数据集，以及经过验证的洪水事件目录，时间覆盖范围为2020年1月1日至2025年12月31日。
逐日降水观测数据源自印度尼西亚气象、气候与地球物理局（BMKG）运营的460个台站（涵盖天气站、气候站与降水观测站），以及合作网络站点（BBWS、Pos Hujan Kerjasama协作雨量站）。所有台站均采用WGS84坐标系完成地理定位，并匹配至印度尼西亚中央统计局（BPS）2023版行政地名录。
本次构建的洪水事件目录（共4231起事件）整合自国家灾害数据与信息系统（DIBI-BNPB）数据库及西爪哇省区域灾害管理局（BPBD West Java）的官方报告，经去重处理后结合媒体报道完成交叉验证。最终生成的共识事件表（共3514起事件）将每起洪水事件与25公里范围内、±1天内的最近降水观测记录进行关联，可直接用于洪水事件与降水的关联分析。
本数据集已通过符合世界气象组织（WMO）标准的四阶段质量控制流程处理，具体包括格式统一、取值范围校验、时间一致性校验与空间一致性校验。对于逐日数据缺失率超过30%的台站，将予以标记但保留其原始数据；已发布的降水矩阵未进行插补处理，以保留原始观测的完整性；而共识事件表针对≤2天的短时数据缺失，采用反距离加权（Inverse Distance Weighting，IDW，幂值=2）方法完成插补。
该数据集可用于热带人口稠密区域的卫星降水产品（GSMaP、IMERG）与再分析降水产品（ERA5、MERRA-2）的性能基准测试、水文模拟、洪水风险评估，以及机器学习预测模型（如极端梯度提升树（XGBoost）、长短期记忆网络（LSTM））的训练工作。