FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) AND THEIR PARASITOIDS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT HOG PLUM GENOTYPES IN TERESINA, PIAUÍ

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the infestation of fruit fly species and their parasitoids, associated with 20 hog plum genotypes (Spondias mombin L.) in a commercial orchard in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The survey was conducted by fruit sampling and monitoring through traps stocked with bait food, in the period from January to December 2012. Overall, 6560 fruits were collected (79.58 kg), resulting in 23059 pupae, of which 10080 fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha and 4984 braconid parasitoids emerged. Anastrepha obliqua species was the predominant with 99.92%. F16P13 and F11P10 genotypes had the highest infestation indexes and F15P11 and F04P01 genotypes, the lowest. The main parasitoids collected were Opius bellus (77.65%), Doryctobracon areolatus (19.88%) and Utetes anastrephae (2.47%). The average parasitism rate among genotypes was of 30.46%. In traps, a total of 1434 fruit flies were collected, whose species were: A. obliqua (97.6%), A. serpentina (1.4%), A. fraterculus (0.4%), A. striata (0.4%), A. dissimilis (0.1%), A. pseudoparallela (0.1%). Anastrepha obliqua species was predominant in the area, based on faunistic analysis. The infestation index in the orchard was relevant for five months (January-May), coinciding with the period of availability of hog plum fruits, reaching the highest peak in March (2.86 FAT). There was a significant negative correlation between number of fruit flies in the orchard and the average air temperature, and a significant positive correlation with rainfall and relative humidity. However, the main factor that influenced the observed infestation index in the hog plum orchard was fruit availability.

摘要
本研究旨在鉴定并量化巴西皮奥伊州特雷西纳市一处商业果园中，与20份槟榔青（hog plum，学名*Spondias mombin* L.）基因型相关的实蝇物种及其寄生蜂的侵染情况。本调查于2012年1月至12月期间开展，采用果实采样与诱饵诱捕监测相结合的方式进行。
总计采集果实6560枚（合计79.58千克），共获得23059头蛹，其中羽化出Anastrepha实蝇属个体10080头，茧蜂科寄生蜂4984头。其中斜纹实蝇（Anastrepha obliqua）占比高达99.92%，为绝对优势物种。F16P13与F11P10基因型的侵染指数最高，而F15P11与F04P01基因型的侵染指数最低。
采集到的主要寄生蜂包括优美优茧蜂（Opius bellus，占比77.65%）、斑翅长茧蜂（Doryctobracon areolatus，占比19.88%）以及Utetes实蝇寄生蜂（Utetes anastrephae，占比2.47%）。各基因型的平均寄生率为30.46%。
诱捕器中共采集到实蝇1434头，涉及物种包括：A. obliqua（97.6%）、A. serpentina（1.4%）、A. fraterculus（0.4%）、A. striata（0.4%）、A. dissimilis（0.1%）以及A. pseudoparallela（0.1%）。基于区系分析，A. obliqua仍是该区域的绝对优势实蝇物种。
该果园的侵染指数在5个月（1月至5月）内处于较高水平，与槟榔青的挂果期重合，并在3月达到峰值（2.86 FAT）。果园内实蝇数量与平均气温呈显著负相关，与降雨量及相对湿度呈显著正相关。但影响该槟榔青果园侵染指数的核心因素为果实可供应量。