Table_1_A global analysis of portion size recommendations in food-based dietary guidelines.xlsx

ObjectiveSince large food portion sizes (PS) lead to overconsumption, our objective was to review PS recommendations for commonly consumed food groups reported in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) globally and to assess variation in PS across countries and regions.
MethodsConsumer-oriented FBDGs from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) online repository were used to evaluate dietary recommendations, PS and number of portions for common food groups. Guidelines were classified for each group as qualitative, quantitative, or missing. A standardized approach was applied to convert PS recommendations given as household measures, cup equivalents, pieces and other measures into grams for cross comparison. Variation of recommended PS of common food groups within and across regions was examined.
ResultsAmong 96 FBDGs, variations were found both across and within regions. At a regional level, the highest median PS recommendations were seen in Europe for Meat, Fish and Pulses, in the Near East for Dairy products, and in Africa for most grain-based foods. Recommendations for Fruits and Vegetables showed the highest consistency across FBDGs worldwide, whereas guidance on Meat, fish & eggs and Cooked cereals/grains showed discrepancies in the classification of foods into categories, as well as in the number of portions per day.
DiscussionWhile some variation in PS recommendations across countries can be expected due to cultural and regional dietary practices, inconsistent definitions to refer to a portion and varied derivation methods may further produce discrepancies. Harmonizing development methods for FBDG could help establish more consistent reference portion sizes and therefore provide clearer guidance to consumers.

研究目的
鉴于较大的食物分量（Portion Sizes，PS）会引发过量进食，本研究旨在梳理全球范围内《食物基础膳食指南》（Food-Based Dietary Guidelines，FBDGs）所收录的常见食物类别分量推荐标准，并评估不同国家和地区间的分量标准差异。

研究方法
本研究采用取自联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization，FAO）在线数据库的面向消费者版《食物基础膳食指南》（FBDGs），对常见食物类别的膳食推荐、分量标准及每日建议份数进行评估。本研究将各类指南按定性、定量或缺失三类划分。同时采用标准化方法，将以家用计量单位、杯当量、份数及其他单位给出的分量推荐值转换为克，以开展跨区域对比。此外，本研究还分析了各区域内部及不同区域间常见食物类别推荐分量标准的差异。

研究结果
在纳入分析的96份《食物基础膳食指南》（FBDGs）中，不同区域间及区域内部均存在分量推荐标准的差异。分区域来看，肉类、鱼类及豆类的最高中位分量推荐值见于欧洲地区；乳制品的最高中位分量推荐值见于近东地区；多数谷基类食物的最高中位分量推荐值见于非洲地区。全球范围内，水果和蔬菜的分量推荐标准一致性最高，而肉类、鱼类及蛋类与熟谷/谷物类的指南则在食物类别划分及每日建议份数两方面存在不一致。

讨论
尽管受文化与地域膳食习惯影响，不同国家的分量推荐标准存在一定差异本属可预期范畴，但对于“分量”的定义不统一以及分量标准推导方法的差异，可能会进一步加剧这类分歧。统一《食物基础膳食指南》（FBDGs）的制定方法，有助于建立更统一的参考分量标准，从而为消费者提供更清晰的膳食指导。