Suppl.Data2_Index2.txt from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (<i>Dactylellina</i> (Orbiliales), <i>Rhizophydium</i> (Rhizophydiales), <i>Clonostachys</i> (Hypocreales), <i>Pochonia</i> (Hypocreales) and <i>Purpureocillium</i> (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫与根结线虫是农田生态系统管理中的主要风险因子，往往对作物生产造成毁灭性影响。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物来抑制植物病原线虫种群，已被视为极具前景的防控手段。然而，这类生防制剂的防控效果与持效性往往会因区域、土壤特性及农业耕作方式的不同而产生显著差异，因此需深入解析微生物群落动态过程，方可建立可重复的线虫种群防控方案。本研究通过对细菌与真菌开展高通量测序分析，探究了日本某大豆田中健康植株与线虫感染植株的根际及土壤微生物组差异。研究结果显示，不同分类类群的细菌与真菌会分别偏好定殖于根结线虫感染的大豆植株，或是未受线虫侵染的大豆植株。基于潜在微生物互作的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，数类具有潜在线虫捕食功能的真菌类群——即指孢霉属（*Dactylellina*，Orbiliales）、根生壶菌属（*Rhizophydium*，Rhizophydiales）、粘帚霉属（*Clonostachys*，Hypocreales）、厚顶孢霉属（*Pochonia*，Hypocreales）以及紫拟青霉属（*Purpureocillium*，Hypocreales）——在小空间尺度的大豆根际中共存。本研究揭示了抗线虫微生物‘联合体’如何从土著（原位）微生物组中衍生而来，为农田生态系统中的抗线虫微生物群落管理提供了基础理论依据。