Peach palm core collection in Brazilian Amazonia

The Peach palm Active Germplasm Bank has abundant genetic diversity in its holdings. Because it is a live collection, maintenance, characterization and evaluation are expensive, restricting its use. One way to promote more efficient use is to create a Core Collection, a set of accessions with at least 70% of the genetic diversity of the full collection with minimal repetition. The available geographic, molecular marker (RAPD) and morphometric information was systematized and the populations were stratified into wild and domesticated. The Core Collection consists of 10% of the entire collection: 31 accessions of landraces, 5 accessions of non-designated populations and 4 accessions of wild populations. The Core has 92% of the molecular polymorphism and 95% of the heterozygosity of the full collection, with minimal divergence between them by molecular variance. The Core is already receiving priority maintenance, which will contribute to long term conservation.

桃棕榈（Peach palm）活体种质资源库（Active Germplasm Bank）的保存材料拥有丰富的遗传多样性。由于该库为活体保存种质库，其日常保存、表型鉴定与遗传评价成本高昂，制约了其高效利用。构建核心种质库（Core Collection）是提升其利用效率的可行路径之一：核心种质库是一套以最小重复度保留完整种质库至少70%遗传多样性的种质材料集合。研究人员对现有地理信息、分子标记（RAPD，随机扩增多态性DNA，Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA）以及形态计量学数据进行了系统化梳理，并将所有种群划分为野生种群与驯化种群两类。该核心种质库占完整种质库总量的10%，包含31份地方品种种质、5份未命名种群种质以及4份野生种群种质。该核心种质库保留了完整种质库92%的分子多态性与95%的杂合性，经分子方差分析显示其内部遗传分化程度极低。该核心种质库目前已获得优先保存待遇，将有助于其长期保护工作的开展。