Data from: Speciation dynamics during the global radiation of extant bats

Species richness varies widely across extant clades, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. We investigate the role of diversification rate heterogeneity in shaping patterns of diversity across families of extant bats. To provide a robust framework for macroevolutionary inference, we assemble a time-calibrated, species-level phylogeny using a supermatrix of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. We analyze the phylogeny using a Bayesian method for modeling complex evolutionary dynamics. Surprisingly, we find that variation in family richness can largely be explained without invoking heterogeneous diversification dynamics. We document only a single well-supported shift in diversification dynamics across bats, occurring at the base of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. Bat diversity is phylogenetically imbalanced, but - contrary to previous hypotheses - this pattern is unexplained by any simple patterns of diversification rate heterogeneity. This discordance may indicate that diversification dynamics are more complex than can be captured using the statistical tools available for modeling data at this scale. We infer that bats as a whole are almost entirely united into one macroevolutionary cohort, with decelerating speciation through time. There is also a significant relationship between clade age and richness, suggesting that global bat diversity may still be expanding.

现存演化支（extant clade）的物种丰富度差异显著，但此类差异的成因仍未得到充分阐明。本研究聚焦多样化速率异质性在塑造现存蝙蝠各科多样性格局中的作用。为构建适用于宏观进化推断（macroevolutionary inference）的稳健分析框架，我们依托线粒体与核序列数据的超级矩阵（supermatrix），构建了物种级时间校准系统发育树（phylogeny）。我们采用贝叶斯方法对该系统发育树进行分析，以模拟复杂的进化动态。令人意外的是，我们发现蝙蝠科的物种丰富度差异在很大程度上无需借助多样化速率异质性即可得到解释。我们仅在蝙蝠类群中发现一处得到有力支持的多样化动态转变，该转变发生于狭叶蝠亚科（Stenodermatinae）的基部。蝙蝠多样性呈现系统发育不平衡性，但与此前假说相悖的是，该格局无法通过任何简单的多样化速率异质性模式得到解释。这种不一致性或表明，多样化动态的复杂程度超出了当前用于该尺度数据建模的统计工具所能捕捉的范围。我们推断，整个蝙蝠类群几乎可被归为单一宏观进化类群，其物种形成速率随时间推移呈下降趋势。此外，演化支年龄与物种丰富度间存在显著相关关系，这表明全球蝙蝠多样性或仍处于扩张之中。