天然竹纤维高效加工成套技术装备研究与开发

本项目围绕竹材物理开纤方法及相关工艺装备开发和产业化应用的关键技术难题，进行了从基础研究、小试、中试到工业化应用的系统研发，形成了具有创新性的基础理论体系和完整的天然竹纤维生产技术体系，解决了竹纤维大规模连续机械化生产的多个技术及装备难题，形成了竹纤维从原料到终端产品完整的产业链模式，推动了竹纤维产业化进程和竹产业的转型升级。主要研究内容及结果如下：1.建立竹子碾压开纤、梳解开纤的宏观力学模型及裂解开纤的细观力学模型，研究竹子开纤过程中加载参数、约束条件及竹材性能的宏细观结合的开裂解纤演化规律，分析影响竹子开裂和纤维分离的因素，获得竹子成纤条件，揭示竹子分离纤维的机理，构建了竹子机械开纤的理论体系。为竹材制取天然纤维提供了理论依据。2.发明了热-机械耦合分离技术，不受竹种、竹龄、竹节、竹径的限制，从根本上改变了传统加工机械生产效率低，纤维得率低等问题。3.研制出竹纤维开纤机等关键技术装备，建立了竹纤维生产线，实现了机械化连续生产，其生产成本低、竹材利用率高。4.开发出天然竹纤维及其系列产品，广泛应用于汽车制造、建筑建材、服装纺织等领域，产生了良好的经济效益。5.申请国家发明专利7项，已授权3项，授权实用新型专利1项。制定企业标准5项。成果被鉴定为“天然竹纤维制备技术及技术装备居国内领先水平”。项目研发的可纺竹原纤维新产品被鉴定为“产品综合性能达到国际先进水平”。

This project focuses on the key technical challenges in the development and industrial application of physical bamboo fiber defibration methods and related process equipment, and conducts systematic R&D covering basic research, bench-scale test, pilot-scale test and industrial application. It has established an innovative basic theoretical system and a complete technical system for natural bamboo fiber production, solved multiple technical and equipment bottlenecks in large-scale continuous mechanized production of bamboo fibers, formed a complete industrial chain model for bamboo fibers spanning from raw materials to end products, and promoted the industrialization process of bamboo fibers and the transformation and upgrading of the bamboo industry. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. Established the macro-meso mechanical models for rolling and combing defibration of bamboo, as well as the meso-mechanical model for cracking defibration. Studied the macro-meso combined evolution law of cracking and fiber separation under different loading parameters, constraint conditions and bamboo material properties during the bamboo defibration process, analyzed the factors affecting bamboo cracking and fiber separation, obtained the fiber formation conditions of bamboo, revealed the mechanism of bamboo fiber separation, and constructed the theoretical framework for mechanical defibration of bamboo, which provides a theoretical basis for preparing natural fibers from bamboo. 2. Invented a thermo-mechanical coupling separation technology, which is not restricted by bamboo species, bamboo age, bamboo nodes or bamboo diameter, and fundamentally addresses the issues of low production efficiency and low fiber yield associated with traditional processing machinery. 3. Developed key technical equipment including bamboo fiber defibrators, established bamboo fiber production lines and realized mechanized continuous production, featuring low production costs and high bamboo material utilization rate. 4. Developed natural bamboo fibers and a series of downstream products, which are widely applied in industries such as automobile manufacturing, construction materials, apparel and textiles, yielding favorable economic benefits. 5. Applied for 7 national invention patents, with 3 granted and 1 utility model patent authorized. Five enterprise standards were formulated. The achievements were appraised as "the natural bamboo fiber preparation technology and supporting technical equipment have reached the domestic leading level". The new spinnable raw bamboo fiber product developed in this project was appraised as "the comprehensive performance of the product has reached the international advanced level".