Characteristics of reviewed articles.

Prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 have been found in many patients, often known as Long COVID. Psychiatric symptoms are commonly seen in Long COVID patients and could last for weeks, even months, after recovery. However, the symptoms and risk factors associated with it remain unclear. In the current systematic review, we provide an overview of psychiatric symptoms in Long COVID patients and risk factors associated with the development of those symptoms. Articles were systematically searched on SCOPUS, PubMed, and EMBASE up to October 2021. Studies involving adults and geriatric participants with a confirmed previous COVID-19 diagnosis and reported psychiatric symptoms that persist for more than four weeks after the initial infection were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Prevalence rates and risk factors associated with psychiatric symptoms were collected. This present study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021240776). In total, 23 studies were included. Several limitations in this review were the heterogeneity of studies’ outcomes and designs, studies limited to articles published in English, and the psychiatric symptoms mainly were assessed using self-report questionnaires. The most prevalent reported psychiatric symptoms, from the most to the least reported, were anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), poor sleep qualities, somatic symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Being female and having previous psychiatric diagnoses were risk factors for the development of the reported symptoms.

研究证实，众多新冠患者会出现持续迁延的症状，这类情况通常被称为长新冠（Long COVID）。长新冠患者常出现精神症状，此类症状可在康复后持续数周乃至数月，但目前这类症状的具体表现及其相关危险因素仍不明确。本项系统综述旨在全面梳理长新冠患者的精神症状表现，以及与这些症状发生相关的危险因素。研究于2021年10月前，在SCOPUS、PubMed及EMBASE数据库中进行了系统性文献检索。纳入标准为：研究对象为既往经确诊感染新冠的成年及老年受试者，且报告了初次感染后持续四周以上的精神症状。对于观察性研究，采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS）对偏倚风险进行评估。研究收集了各类精神症状的患病率以及相关危险因素数据。本研究已在PROSPERO平台注册（注册号：CRD42021240776）。最终共纳入23项研究。本综述存在若干局限性：纳入研究的结局指标与研究设计存在异质性；仅纳入英文发表的文献；精神症状主要通过自陈式问卷进行评估。报告患病率由高至低的精神症状依次为：焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍（post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD）、睡眠质量低下、躯体症状及认知功能缺损。女性性别及既往精神疾病诊断是出现上述精神症状的危险因素。