LMOS Surface Mobile EPA-GMAP Ozone Data

LMOS_TraceGas_SurfaceMobile_EPA-GMAP_Data is the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS) trace gas surface mobile data collected via the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) GMAP mobile platform during the LMOS field campaign. This product is a result of a joint effort across multiple agencies, including NASA, NOAA, the EPA, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), National Science Foundation (NSF), Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) and its member states, and several research groups at universities. Data collection is complete.

Elevated spring and summertime ozone levels remain a challenge along the coast of Lake Michigan, with a number of monitors recording levels/amounts exceeding the 2015 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone. The production of ozone over Lake Michigan, combined with onshore daytime “lake breeze” airflow is believed to increase ozone concentrations at locations within a few kilometers off shore. This observed lake-shore gradient motivated the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS). Conducted from May through June 2017, the goal of LMOS was to better understand ozone formation and transport around Lake Michigan; in particular, why ozone concentrations are generally highest along the lakeshore and drop off sharply inland and why ozone concentrations peak in rural areas far from major emission sources. LMOS was a collaborative, multi-agency field study that provided extensive observational air quality and meteorology datasets through a combination of airborne, ship, mobile laboratories, and fixed ground-based observational platforms. Chemical transport models (CTMs) and meteorological forecast tools assisted in planning for day-to-day measurement strategies. The long term goals of the LMOS field study were to improve modeled ozone forecasts for this region, better understand ozone formation and transport around Lake Michigan, provide a better understanding of the lakeshore gradient in ozone concentrations (which could influence how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses future regional ozone issues), and provide improved knowledge of how emissions influence ozone formation in the region.

LMOS_TraceGas_SurfaceMobile_EPA-GMAP_Data 是密歇根湖臭氧研究（Lake Michigan Ozone Study, LMOS）的痕量气体地表移动观测数据集，由美国环境保护署（Environmental Protection Agency, EPA）的GMAP移动观测平台在LMOS野外考察期间采集完成。本数据集由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）、美国环境保护署（EPA）、电力研究院（Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI）、美国国家科学基金会（NSF）、密歇根湖空气管理者联盟（Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, LADCO）及其成员国，以及多所高校的多个研究团队联合产出，目前数据采集工作已全部结束。

密歇根湖沿岸春季与夏季时段的高臭氧浓度始终是亟待攻克的环境挑战，多台监测设备记录到的臭氧浓度超出了2015年版《国家环境空气质量标准》（National Ambient Air Quality Standards, NAAQS）的限值。学界普遍认为，密歇根湖上空的臭氧生成过程叠加日间陆上“湖风”气流，会使离岸数公里范围内的臭氧浓度显著升高。这一观测到的湖岸臭氧浓度梯度，正是推动密歇根湖臭氧研究（LMOS）立项的核心动因。该研究于2017年5月至6月间实施，旨在深入解析密歇根湖周边臭氧的生成与传输机制，重点解答两大关键科学问题：其一，为何臭氧浓度通常在湖岸沿线达到峰值，而向内陆方向会急剧下降；其二，为何在远离主要排放源的乡村区域，臭氧浓度会出现峰值。LMOS是一项多机构协作的大型野外考察研究，通过机载观测、船舶观测、移动实验室以及固定地面观测平台等多种手段，获取了海量的空气质量与气象观测数据集。化学传输模型（Chemical Transport Models, CTMs）与气象预报工具为每日测量策略的制定提供了技术支撑。LMOS野外考察的长期目标包括：优化该区域的臭氧预报模型，深化对密歇根湖周边臭氧生成与传输机制的认知，进一步阐明臭氧浓度湖岸梯度的成因（该研究成果可助力美国环境保护署（EPA）应对未来的区域臭氧治理问题），并提升对区域排放如何影响臭氧生成过程的理解水平。