As três emergências que nossa sociedade enfrenta: saúde, biodiversidade e mudanças climáticas

abstract We are entering an era in which our planet and our society face major crises. We live simultaneously with three important emergencies: 1) the health crisis, intensified by the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) the biodiversity loss crisis; and 3) the climatic emergency. It should be noted that these crises have profound links between them, and also important differences, but they all have strong social and economic impacts and affect the planet globally. They are the result of an economic model that favors development at any cost and very quick profits even at the expense of sustainability. The Covid-19 crisis posed important questions from the viewpoint of a lack of global governance. In turn, the climate crisis has the potential for very serious socio-economic damage, and its effects are already clearly visible. The loss of biodiversity puts our food security at risk, and the balance of the terrestrial system as well. The Amazon, for example, harbors thousands of viruses in its fauna and flora, and if the unrestrained process of occupation continues, new viruses similar to Sars-CoV-2 will possibly come into contact with our society. Overcoming these three crises requires drastic changes in our economic system, unsustainable in its current format. Continued economic growth on a planet with finite natural resources is not possible. Inequality in developing countries and even between nations is explosive and unfair. We will need a new system of global governance that is able to harmonize measures from different countries, states and municipalities. Sustainability on our planet is possible and necessary. We - the scientific community, society, governments and other stakeholders -will have a lot of work ahead of us in the coming years. We have no alternative but to build a new, more just and sustainable society.

摘要：我们正身处地球与人类社会面临多重重大危机的时代，当前同时并存三项关键紧急事态：1）因新冠疫情进一步加剧的公共卫生危机；2）生物多样性丧失危机；3）气候紧急事件。需要明确的是，这些危机彼此间存在深刻关联，同时也各有显著差异，但均会产生强烈的社会与经济影响，并在全球尺度上波及整个地球。它们均脱胎于一种不惜一切代价追求发展、以牺牲可持续性为代价换取短期暴利的经济模式。新冠疫情危机暴露出全球治理体系的缺位，由此引发了诸多核心议题。而气候危机则具备造成极为严重社会经济损害的潜力，其影响已然清晰显现。生物多样性丧失不仅威胁到人类的粮食安全，同时也破坏了陆地生态系统的平衡。以亚马孙雨林为例，其动植物群落中蕴藏着数千种病毒，若不受约束的开发进程持续推进，未来或会出现类似新冠病毒（Sars-CoV-2）的新型病原，并与人类社会产生接触。要攻克这三大危机，我们必须对当前不可持续的经济体系进行根本性变革。在自然资源总量有限的星球上，持续的经济增长是不可能实现的。发展中国家乃至全球各国之间的不平等状况既极具爆炸性，又极不公平。我们亟需构建一套全新的全球治理体系，以协调不同国家、地方行政单位及市政当局的各项举措。地球的可持续发展不仅具备可行性，更是时代必需。我们——科学界、社会各界、各国政府及其他利益相关方——在未来数年中肩负着繁重的使命。我们别无选择，只能打造一个更加公平、更具可持续性的新社会。