Table 1_Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) is increasingly used in cardiac rehabilitation. Its effects on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) require systematic evaluation.
MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and CNKI from inception to April 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of HIIT on peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and quality of life (QOL) in post-MI patients were included. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed.
ResultsNine trials with 508 participants were included. HIIT did not significantly affect HRpeak (SMD = −0.20; 95% CI: −1.10 to 0.70; I2 = 62.4%) or VO₂peak (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.71; I2 = 69.1%). RER was significantly reduced in the HIIT group (SMD = −1.26; 95% CI: −1.54 to −0.98; I2 = 0%). No significant improvement was observed in QOL (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: −0.37 to 0.50; I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that individual studies contributed to heterogeneity in HRpeak and VO₂peak outcomes.
ConclusionsHIIT may influence selected cardiopulmonary indicators in post-MI patients, particularly metabolic efficiency. Its effects on exercise capacity and quality of life remain uncertain. Further research with standardized protocols is needed.

背景 高强度间歇训练（High-intensity interval training, HIIT）在心脏康复领域的应用日趋广泛。目前，其对心肌梗死后患者心肺功能与生活质量的影响仍有待开展系统性评估。
方法 本研究于各数据库建库至2025年4月1日期间，在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Central以及中国知网（CNKI）数据库中开展系统性文献检索。纳入评估高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对心肌梗死后患者峰值心率（peak heart rate, HRpeak）、峰值摄氧量（peak oxygen uptake, VO₂peak）、呼吸交换率（respiratory exchange ratio, RER）以及生活质量（quality of life, QOL）影响的随机对照试验。采用随机效应模型对提取数据进行合并分析，计算标准化均数差（standardized mean differences, SMDs）与95%置信区间（confidence intervals, CIs）。通过I²统计量评估研究间异质性，并实施敏感性分析。
结果 本研究共纳入9项随机对照试验，涉及508名受试者。分析结果显示，高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对心肌梗死后患者的峰值心率（HRpeak）（SMD = −0.20; 95% CI: −1.10至0.70; I² = 62.4%）与峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）（SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: −0.07至0.71; I² = 69.1%）均未产生显著影响。高强度间歇训练组患者的呼吸交换率（RER）显著降低（SMD = −1.26; 95% CI: −1.54至−0.98; I² = 0%）。而生活质量（QOL）未观察到显著改善（SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: −0.37至0.50; I² = 0%）。敏感性分析结果表明，单项研究是导致峰值心率与峰值摄氧量结局存在异质性的主要来源。
结论 高强度间歇训练（HIIT）或可对心肌梗死后患者的部分心肺指标产生影响，尤其是代谢效率。其对运动能力与生活质量的影响仍不明确，未来需开展采用标准化研究方案的相关试验。