Evaluation results of China’s DVC.

Clarifying the spatiotemporal structure and driving mechanism of China’s digital village construction (DVC) is imperative for ameliorating regional disparities and fostering the holistic progression of DVC in China. This study assesses the index of DVC in 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021 using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (IFAHP) and dynamic GRA. It analyzes the spatiotemporal structure of DVC with kernel density, trend surface, and social network analysis techniques. Additionally, it employs Geodetector to elucidate the driving mechanism behind spatial differentiation in China’s digital village development network. The results indicate that: (1) Although the index of DVC in China from 2011 to 2021 has shown progressive enhancement, the average DVC index for all regions throughout the years surveyed stands at 0.457, which means that the DVC in China is still at an early stage. (2) The overall network structure analysis suggests that the number of ties in China’s DVC spatial correlation network grew slowly but still falls significantly short of the ideal number. Additionally, there is an increase in the network density of China’s DVC over the years, providing strong evidence of spatial spillover effects within the network. (3) The block roles of the central and western regions are main inflow and bidirectional spillover while the block roles of the eastern region are agent and main outflow. (4) The main driving factors of DVC in China are investment in information infrastructure and fiscal expenditure on education. Bivariate enhancement effect and nonlinear enhancement were found to exist in all interactions of indicators. These findings offer theoretical insights and practical directives for improving DVC in China and its synergistic effects.

厘清中国数字乡村建设（Digital Village Construction, DVC）的时空结构与驱动机制，对于缩小区域发展差距、推动中国数字乡村建设的全面发展至关重要。本研究采用直觉模糊层次分析法（Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, IFAHP）与动态灰色关联分析（Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis, GRA），对2011-2021年中国30个省份的数字乡村建设指数进行测算；并借助核密度估计、趋势面分析与社会网络分析方法，剖析数字乡村建设的时空结构特征；此外，本研究利用地理探测器（Geodetector）阐释中国数字乡村发展网络的空间分异驱动机制。
研究结果显示：其一，2011-2021年中国数字乡村建设指数整体呈逐步提升态势，但调研期内各区域的平均数字乡村建设指数仅为0.457，表明中国数字乡村建设仍处于初级发展阶段。其二，整体网络结构分析结果表明，中国数字乡村建设空间关联网络的联结数量增长缓慢，仍与理想状态存在显著差距；同时，中国数字乡村建设网络密度逐年提升，有力证实了网络内部存在空间溢出效应。其三，中西部地区的板块角色以主要受益流入与双向溢出为主，而东部地区的板块角色则为中介代理与主要溢出源。其四，中国数字乡村建设的核心驱动因子为信息基础设施投资与教育财政支出；所有指标的交互作用均存在双变量增强效应与非线性增强效应。
上述研究结论可为中国数字乡村建设水平提升及其协同效应优化提供理论参考与实践指引。