Data from: Refining the conditions for sympatric ecological speciation

AbstractCan speciation occur in a single population when different types of resources are available, in the absence of any geographical isolation, or any spatial or temporal variation in selection? The controversial topics of sympatric speciation and ecological speciation have already stimulated many theoretical studies, most of them agreeing on the fact that mechanisms generating disruptive selection, some level of assortment, and enough heterogeneity in the available resources, are critical for sympatric speciation to occur. Few studies, however, have combined the three factors and investigated their interactions. In this article, I analytically derive conditions for sympatric speciation in a general model where the distribution of resources can be uni- or bimodal, and where a parameter controls the range of resources that an individual can exploit. This approach bridges the gap between models of a unimodal continuum of resources and Levene-type models with discrete resources. I then test these conditions against simulation results from a recently published article (Thibert-Plante and Hendry 2011) and confirm that sympatric ecological speciation is favoured when (i) selection is disruptive (ie, individuals with an intermediate trait are at a local fitness minimum), (ii) resources are differentiated enough, and (iii) mating is assortative. I also discuss the role of mating preference functions, and the need (or lack thereof) for bimodality in resource distributions for diversification., Usage notesFDebarre_JEB-2621_SuppInfo-MathematicaMathematica notebook with the analytical derivations of the results.FDebarre_JEB-2621_R-scriptsZipped folder with all the R scripts used in the study. To evaluate them, unzip the folder, launch R, go to the folder where the scripts are, and type source('MASTERFILE.R') . All the figures will be created and saved as pdfs in the figures folder.FDebarre_JEB_2621_Appendixpdf printout of the Mathematica and R files.FDebarre-JEB_2621_Appendix.pdfFDebarre_JEB-2621_FigsS1-4Supplementary figures.

摘要 当存在不同类型的资源且不存在任何地理隔离、选择的空间或时间变异时，物种形成能否在单一种群中发生？同域物种形成（sympatric speciation）与生态物种形成（ecological speciation）这一颇具争议的议题，已引发众多理论研究。多数研究达成共识：产生破坏性选择（disruptive selection）、一定程度的选型交配（assortative mating），以及可用资源具备足够异质性，是同域物种形成得以发生的关键条件。然而，鲜有研究同时结合这三类因素并探究其交互作用。
本文在一个通用模型中解析推导了同域物种形成的条件：该模型中资源分布可为单峰或双峰，且存在一个参数控制个体可利用的资源范围。此研究弥合了单峰连续资源模型与离散资源的莱文型（Levene-type）模型之间的研究鸿沟。随后，本文将推导得到的条件与近期发表文献（Thibert-Plante和Hendry，2011）中的模拟结果进行对比验证，证实当满足以下条件时，同域生态物种形成更易发生：(i) 选择为破坏性选择，即具有中间表型的个体局部适合度处于低谷；(ii) 资源分化程度足够高；(iii) 交配为选型交配。本文还讨论了交配偏好函数（mating preference functions）的作用，以及物种多样化是否需要资源分布呈双峰态。

使用说明
FDebarre_JEB-2621_SuppInfo-Mathematica：包含研究结果解析推导过程的Mathematica笔记本文件。
FDebarre_JEB-2621_R-scripts：包含本研究所用全部R脚本的压缩文件夹。如需运行脚本，请解压文件夹，启动R软件，进入脚本所在目录后在命令行输入source('MASTERFILE.R')，所有图表将生成并以PDF格式保存至figures文件夹中。
FDebarre_JEB_2621_Appendix.pdf：Mathematica与R脚本文件的PDF打印版本。
FDebarre-JEB_2621_Appendix.pdf：对应附录文件。
FDebarre_JEB-2621_FigsS1-4：补充图表S1至S4。