Sample characteristics and preparation

Replicas of historical clay vessels were created, and research in the fields of experimental archaeology and the experimental archaeoanthropology of food, focusing on the preparation and use of dairy products, was conducted by Mrs. Anna Rumińska. The dairy products were made from the unpasteurized and unfrozen raw milk of free-range Silesian Red and White cattle, which were fed a silage-free diet of hay. The vessels used for the dairy products were replicas of those believed to have been made in a typical Neolithic and Hallstatt period household or settlement. These vessels were crafted from clay with a coarse-grained temper and were characterized by their thick walls, unadorned and unsmoothed surfaces.

安娜·鲁明斯卡（Anna Rumińska）女士完成了两项相关工作：一是制作历史陶制容器的复制品，二是聚焦乳制品的制备与使用，开展实验考古学与食品实验考古人类学领域的研究。本次研究所用的乳制品，由未经过巴氏杀菌、未冷冻的散养西里西亚红白牛（Silesian Red and White cattle）的生鲜乳制成，这些牛的日粮为无青贮饲料的干草饲料。用于制备乳制品的容器，复刻了典型新石器时代与哈尔施塔特（Hallstatt）时期家庭或定居点中所使用的器物原型。该类容器以添加粗粒羼和料（coarse-grained temper）的黏土烧制而成，其特征为器壁厚实、表面素面无饰且未经过打磨处理。