The effect of amoxicillin on dental enamel development in vivo

Abstract The exposure to amoxicillin has been associated with molar incisor hypomineralization. This study aimed to determine if amoxicillin disturbs the enamel mineralization in in vivo experiments. Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned into three groups to received daily phosphatase-buffered saline or amoxicillin as either 100 or 500 mg/kg. Mice received treatment from day 13 of pregnancy to day 40 postnatal. After birth, the offsprings from each litter continued to receive the same treatment according to their respective group. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content in the dental hard tissues were analyzed from 60 upper first molars and 60 upper incisors by the complexometric titration method and colorimetric analysis using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm, respectively. Lower incisors were analyzed by X-ray microtomography, it was measured the electron density of lingual and buccal enamel, and the enamel and dentin thickness. Differences in Ca and P content and electron density among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. There was no significant difference on enamel electron density and thickness among the groups (p > 0.05). However, in incisors, the higher dose of amoxicillin decreased markedly the electron density in some rats. There were no statistically significant differences in Ca (p = 0.180) or P content (p = 0.054), although the higher dose of amoxicillin could affect the enamel in some animals. The amoxicillin did not significantly alter the enamel mineralization and thickness in rats.

摘要 阿莫西林暴露与磨牙切牙矿化不足（molar incisor hypomineralization）密切相关。本研究旨在通过体内实验明确阿莫西林是否会干扰牙釉质矿化过程。将15只孕鼠随机分为三组，每日分别给予磷酸酶缓冲生理盐水、100 mg/kg或500 mg/kg阿莫西林，干预周期为妊娠第13天至仔鼠出生后第40天。仔鼠出生后，每窝子代均按照其所属组别接受相同的干预方案。分别采用络合滴定法、680 nm波长分光光度计比色分析，检测60颗上颌第一磨牙及60颗上颌切牙的牙体硬组织中钙（Ca）与磷（P）含量；对下颌切牙开展X射线显微计算机断层扫描（X-ray microtomography），测量舌侧与颊侧牙釉质的电子密度以及牙釉质与牙本质的厚度。采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）比较各组间钙、磷含量及电子密度的差异。结果显示，各组牙釉质电子密度与厚度均无统计学显著差异（p > 0.05）。但在切牙样本中，高剂量阿莫西林组的部分大鼠牙釉质电子密度显著降低。尽管高剂量阿莫西林可能对部分动物的牙釉质产生影响，但各组间钙含量（p = 0.180）与磷含量（p = 0.054）均无统计学显著差异。本研究表明，阿莫西林未对大鼠牙釉质矿化过程及牙釉质厚度造成显著改变。